Publications

@conference{Jäger2020,

title = {Prospective Longitudinal-Study of the therapy of MGD-Patients using Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT)},

author = {Jäger, Claudio; Marx, Sebastian; Eckstein, Julia and Sickenberger, Wolfgang },

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Poster-AAO-2020-Claudio-Jager-englisch-2.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.28329.01128},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-07},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry },

abstract = {Prospective Longitudinal-Study of the therapy of MGD-Patients using Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT)



Authors: Claudio Jäger2, Sebastian Marx1, Julia Wittekind1, Wolfgang Sickenberger1



1 Jenvis Research c/o Ernst Abbe University Jena, Germany



2 Bischof Optik AG Wil, Switzerland



1 Jenvis Research c/o Ernst Abbe University Jena, Germany



2 Bischof Optik AG Wil, Switzerland







Purpose: Primary objective of this study was the assessment of dry eye related subjective and objective findings of MGD patients prior and after IPL and LLLT treatment.







Material and Methods: 38 subjects with diagnosed MGD were enrolled in a prospective single center study in an optometric practice based in Wil (Switzerland). All subjects underwent IPL / LLLT treatments every 14 days from baseline until four treatments were conducted. OSDI, BCVA, IOP, NIKBUT, osmolarity, lower lid margin appearance and meibography data was captured at baseline before the first IPL/ LLLT treatment and 14 days after the last treatment.



Pre and post NIKBUT, osmolarity and OSDI data of the right and left eye was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon rang sum test for matched pairs.







Results: NIKBUT values increased not significantly OD from 9.5sec to 11sec (p = 0.498) and OS from 8sec to post IPL 12sec (p = 0.056). Osmolarity increased significantly OD from 322.21mOsm/L to 327.92mOsm/L (p = 0.006) and OS from 319.24mOsm/L to post 323.24mOsm/L (p = 0.097). OSDI score decreased significantly from 31.5 to 11 (p = <0.001). 26 of 38 subjects (68.4%) were satisfied or very satisfied by this new form of therapy whereas 12 subjects (31.6%) didn´t report a subjective change.



Conclusion: The combined IPL / LLLT therapy is a promising therapy form usable in optometric and ophthalmological practices. The majority of the subjects reported improvements which matches partly objective findings but osmolarity which didn´t decrease. Rooms temperature changes haven´t been controlled but could potentially influence osmolarity readings. Further studies should take this into account and could asses further IPL treatment combinations.

},

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@conference{Marx2020,

title = {Solution Related in Vitro Dewetting behavior of Different Soft Contact Lens Materials},

author = {Marx, Sebastian; Eckstein, Julia; Zimmermann, Felix and Sickenberger, Wolfgang},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Poster-AAO-2020-Marx-et-al-Solution-Related-in-Vitro-Dewetting-behavior-of-Different-Soft-Contact-Lens-Materials-4.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15431.52645},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-07},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry },

abstract = {Purpose

In vitro dewetting characteristics of different silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses were measured out of their specific blister solution using Non-Invasive Keratograph Drying-Up Time procedure to determine short-term dewetting characteristics. In vitro dewetting characteristic curves of same CL materials soaked in saline solution (control solution) and artificial tear solution (ATS) were measured to determine additional dewetting characteristics.



Materials

Non-Invasive Keratograph Drying-Up Time was measured for six different CL materials including Nelfilcon A, Delefilcon A, Senofilcon A, Stenfilcon A, Somofilcon A and Narafilcon A  out of their specific blister solution, out of saline and out of ATS. For soaking the lenses in saline or ATS, all lenses were rinsed with saline to remove blister solution. 20 lenses of each solution/ material combination were measured. In vitro dewetting behavior of these lenses over 180 seconds was determined and expressed by area under curve values (AUC).



Results

Fasted dewetting occurred for all materials when measured out of saline solution, indicated by the highest averaged AUC value over all lens materials of 9243,3 ± 38,3. Slower dewetting was detected for all materials when measured out of their specific blister solution 7755,9 ± 37,1 and out of ATS 7988,8 ± 40,0. Intra group results were statistically different (Kruskal-Wallis) with p<0,001 for saline and blister solution. Intra group differences were smaller for ATS but also statistically different p<0,05.







Conclusion

Pure saline solution leads to faster in vitro dewetting for all materials in comparison to their specific blister solution or ATS. In vitro dewetting experiments focused on saline only, may show bigger differences as present in reality. The use of ATS allows to decrease the gap between in vitro and in vivo measurements.},

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tppubtype = {conference}

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@conference{Fuchs2019,

title = {Inflammatory Enzyme MMP-9 in Tear Film of Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Luise Fuchs and Sebastian Schubert and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/AAO-Poster-MMP9-Fuchs-Druckversion-final-ws.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Kapfelsberger2019,

title = {Measurement of the UV and VIS transmittance of  soft contact lenses with & without UV-Blocker},

author = {Andrea Kapfelsberger and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Jürgen Bischoff},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/AAO-2019-Poster-final-print-version__NEU.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2019b,

title = {A Novel in vivo Method to Assess Visual Performance during Dewetting Process of Soft Contact Lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Felix Zimmermann and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337534020_A_Novel_in_vivo_Method_to_Assess_Visual_Performance_during_Dewetting_Process_of_Soft_Contact_Lenses},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-24},

abstract = {Purpose: To develop a novel in vivo method to assess visual performance (VP) during dewetting process of soft contact lenses and to simultaneously investigate the influence of the drying up behavior of the pre lens tear film (PLTF) on the VP for different optotype sizes. Methods: Oculus Keratograph 5M was modified with a microscreen to display Landolt-C optotypes and the dewetting characteristics of the PLTF could be simultaneously recorded using the in-built Non-Invasive Keratograph Dry Up Time (NIK-DUT) method. Thirty nine subjects were fitted with nelfilcon A lens material and the subjects underwent dewetting assessment while they responded to the orientation of Landolt-C using a remote controlled device. Recorded videos were analyzed to determine the elapsed time in seconds (Visual Acuity Drying Up Time; VADUT) and dewetted area in mm² (Visual Acuity Drying Up Area; VADUA) at visual loss of one and two log units below maximal distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA). Both VADUT and VADUA were analyzed at the time point after 8 hours of lens wear. Results: After 13.5 ± 23.0 s and 20.2 ± 24.5 s (VADUT mean ± SD) participants lost one (DCVA+0.1logMAR) and two (DCVA+0.2logMAR) log units of DCVA that corresponded to a mean dewetting area of 5.25 ± 8.99 mm² and 11.17 ± 11.01 mm² (VADUA) of CL surface. VADUT and VADUA were statistically significantly different for one and two log units below DCVA with an alpha level of 0.05 (VADUT: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P = 0.145; VADUA: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P < 0.0001). Conclusions: A novel method to simultaneously determine visual performance and dewetting process of contact lens surface has been optimized. The novel VADU method uses a quantified visual loss of a predefined visual requirement based on the threshold definition of psychometric function to analyze the function of the tear film stability on the VP with contact lens. VP is impacted as a function of the amount of dewetted area of a CL surface and the elapsed time.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

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@conference{Zimmermann2019,

title = {Introducing a novel in vivo method to access visual performance during dewetting process of contact lens surface},

author = {Felix Zimmermann; Oliver Kolbe, Sebastian Marx; Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.bcla.org.uk/common/Uploaded%20files/Conference%20Materials/Free%20papers%20abstracts.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-30},

abstract = {Purpose: To introduce a novel in vivo method to access visual performance (VP) during dewetting process (Visual Acuity Dry Up; VADU) and investigate the influence of drying up behavior of pre lens tear film (PLTF) on VP for various visual requirements for a daily disposable contact lens (CL) (Nelfilcon A).

Methods: Thirty nine subjects were fitted with CL (Nelfilcon A). Dewetting characteristics of PLTF were recorded by using a modified multifunctional topographer (Keratograph 5M, OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, GERMANY) combined with Non-Invasive Keratograph Dry Up Time (NIK-DUT) method during the assessment of participants VP and blink suppression. Recorded videos were analyzed regarding elapsed time in s (Visual Acuity Drying Up Time; VADUT) and dewetted area in mm2 (Visual Acuity Drying Up Area; VADUA) at visual loss of one, two or three log units below maximal distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA).

Results: After 13.1s±17.4s, 20.83s±21.81s, 34.67s±29.11s (VADUT mean) participants lost one (DCVA+0.1logMAR), two (DCVA+0.2logMAR) or three (DCVA+0.3logMAR) log units of DCVA that corresponds to a mean dewetting area of 4.82mm²±6.64mm², 9.5mm²±8.26mm² and 13.0mm²± 8.68mm² (VADUA) of CL surface. All differences of VADUT und VADUA regarding the visual

requirements (one, two and three log units below DCVA) are statistically significant with an alpha level of 0.05 (VADUT: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P = 0.006, DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P < 0.0001, DCVA+0.2logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P = 0.001; VADUA: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P < 0.0001, DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P < 0.0001, DCVA+0.2logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P = 0.31).

Conclusion: The novel VADU method uses a quantified visual loss of a predefined visual requirement based on the threshold definition of the psychometric function to analyze the function of PLTF on VP. VP is impacted as a function of the amount of dewetted area of a CL surface and elapsed time. The whole front surface of the cornea may affect the VP.},

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pubstate = {published},

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@conference{Marx2019,

title = {Dewetting of different soft lens materials before and after stress test with lipid containing rewetting eye drops using Non-Invasive Keratograph Drying Up Time (NIK-DUT)},

author = {Sebastian Marx; Felix Zimmermann; Julia Wittekind; Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333866868_Dewetting_of_different_soft_lens_materials_before_and_after_stress_test_with_lipid_containing_rewetting_eye_drops_using_Non-Invasive_Keratograph_Drying_Up_Time_NIK-DUT



https://www.bcla.org.uk/common/Uploaded%20files/Conference%20Materials/Free%20papers%20abstracts.pdf



},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.13188.17287},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-30},

abstract = {Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine differences between surface dewetting of SCL materials out of PBS before and after treatment with lipid containing rewetting drops in vitro using a modified corneal topographer K5M (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time [NIK-DUT]). 

Method and Materials: Fifteen lenses of different SCL material classes according to ISO18369 were tested (polymacon, nelfilcon A, ocufilcon D, balafilcon A, somofilcon A, lotrafilcon B). Lenses were rinsed and stored in PBS to minimize the effect of the original blister solution. Single dewetting videos per lens were captured with K5M. Afterwards all lenses were soaked in phospholipid containing rewetting solution for 25 hours. Lenses were gently shaken by an orbital shaker with a frequency of 15 times per minutes, tilting up to 15°. After treatment all lenses were equilibrated again in PBS for at least 30 minutes. Dewetting videos were captured again. In vitro NIK-DUT was determined for a measurement time of 180 s, expressed by Area under Curve (AUC) data. 

Results: The AUC results before and after treatment were: polymacon (4870.85 ± 942.74 and 6214.07 ± 932.09; t(14) = -3.959, p = 0.001), nelfilcon A (4688.03 ± 1065.14 and 6959.76 ± 1081.81; t(14) = -6.444, p < 0.001), ocufilcon D (3612.63 ± 875.51 and 7041.97 ± 714.26; t(14) = -11.294, p < 0.001), balafilcon A (4170.37 ± 927.19 and 7385.56 ± 879.84; t(14) = -10.798, p < 0.001), somofilcon A (4284.49 ± 833.80 and 6762.17 ± 1380.15; t(13) = -7.546, p < 0.001) and lotrafilcon B, comfilcon A (4973.30 ± 1249.25 and 7415.65 ± 994.79, t(14) = -12.565, p < 0.001). All differences were statistically significant at a significance level of 0.05. 

Conclusion: Lipid containing solutions interact with various SCL materials and lead to increased in vitro dewetting. Accelerated dewetting of lens surfaces may contribute to both, reduced comfort and vision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

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@conference{vonAhrentschildt2018,

title = {Comparative study of two grading scales for the evaluation of IR-Meibography images of the upper and lower eyelid in terms of intra and interrater reliability},

author = {von Ahrentschildt, Anke; Wittekind, Julia; Marx, Sebastian; Sickenberger, Wolfgang},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Comparative-study-of-two-grading-scales-for-the-evaluation-of-IR-Meibography-images-of-the-upper-and-lower-eyelid-in-terms-of-intra-and-interrater-reliability.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose. Primary goal was to analyse the intra- an interrater reliability of a new illustrative grading scale by JENVIS RESEARCH which was developed in dependence on the MEIBOSCORE of ARITA et al. (2008) to categorise meibomian gland loss. Secondary goal was to do the same for the MEIBOSCORE and further to compare both scales with each other.



Material and Method. For this purpose, 48 trained practitioners independently graded a set of 80 images, 40 of the upper as well as the lower eyelid, with one of two grading scales in an online survey. This procedure was executed four times, twice with both grading scales. To avoid an interference between the evaluation cycles there was a wash out phase of 7 to 14 days and the images were presented in a randomised order. The classification was performed with the well-established grading scale by ARITA et al. (2008) and a new illustrative one by JENVIS RESEARCH in dependence on ARITA et al. (2008). An estimation regarding the level of interrater and intrarater reliability for the two grading scales was achieved using KAPPA statistics (IBM SPSS STATISTICS 22; MICROSOFT EXCEL 2016) and interpreted as followed: KAPPA-Values < 0 (no agreement), 0–0.2 (slight), 0.21–0.4 (fair), 0.41–0.6 (distinct), 0.61–0.8 (substantial), > 0.8 (almost perfect). For a repeated classification by one grader the KAPPA measures the intrarater reliability, whereas a classification by different graders measures the interrater reliability.



Results. At the end of the study the total database consisted of 15,360 individual gradings, 192 for every image. The median for the intrarater KAPPAs of the ARITA scale for all 48 participants is 0.57 (ø CI ± 0.14), which indicates a ‘distinct’ agreement. The values ranged from 0.24 to 0.77. For JENVIS the median is 0.67 (ø CI ± 0.13) and therefore shows a ‘substantial’ agreement with values ranging between 0.43 and 0.85. Furthermore, the intrarater KAPPA was calculated for the images of the upper and lower eyelid separately. The results are like those considering all meibography images (median upper lid: ARITA = 0.59; JENVIS = 0.72; median lower lid: ARITA = 0.56; JENVIS = 0.63) The interrater reliability was calculated with the FLEISS-KAPPA and is 0.43 (95 %-CI: 0.28–0.58) for the ARITA scale and 0.52 (95 %-CI: 0.38–0.67) for the JENVIS scale. Both demonstrate a ‘distinct’ agreement between the classifications of all graders considering all meibography images as well as considering images of the upper and lower eyelid independently (upper lid: ARITA 0.56 [0.4–0.73], JENVIS 0.66 [0.38–0.71]; lower lid: ARITA 0.54 [0.38–0.71], JENVIS 0.59 [0.43–0.75]). All the specified results are statistically significant with a p-value < 0.01.



Conclusion. Both grading scales show a high degree of agreement concerning the repeatability (intrarater reliability) as well as the classification by different graders (interrater reliability). Especially the intrarater reliability was improved employing the illustrative scale by JENVIS RESEARCH. Illustrative scales may be beneficial to practitioners to classify meibomian gland dropout.



Keywords. Meibomian gland; Meibomian gland dropout; grading scale; Reproducibility of results; eyelid disease; intrarater reliability; interrater reliability

},

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@conference{Marx2018,

title = {Degree of Maibomian Gland Tortuosity in Successful Soft Contact Lens Wearers and Dropouts},

author = {Marx, Sebastian; Kwan, Justin; Jones-Jordan, Lisa; Powell, Daniel; Srinivasan, Sruthi; Sickenberger, Wolfgang; Jones, Lyndon; Pucker, Andrew},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Degree-of-Maibomian-Gland-Tortuosity-in-Successful-Soft-Contact-Lens-Wearers-and-Dropouts.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15911.80803},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2018b,

title = {Maintance of pre-lens tear film stability and daily comfort with EOBO-containing lens and lens care regimen throughout 30 days of lens wear},

author = {Marx, Sebastian; Sickenberger, Wolfgang; Fahmy, Mary; Lemp-Hull, Jessie},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Maintance-of-pre-lens-tear-film-stability-and-daily-comfort-with-EOBO-containing-lens-and-lens-care-regimen-throughout-30-days-of-lens-wear.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Lievens2018,

title = {Publication Preview Source Minimal Cholesterol Extraction and Maintance of Pre-Lens Tear Film Stability Associated with an EOBO-Containing Lens and Lens Care Regimen},

author = {Lievens, Christopher; Marx, Sebastian; Sickenberger, Wolfgang; Schwarz, Stefan; Shows, Amanda; Lemp, Jessie},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Minimal-Cholesterol-Extraction-and-Maintance-of-Pre-Lens-Tear-Film-Stability-Associated-with-an-EOBO-Containing-Lens-and-Lens-Care-Regimen.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Pertzsch2018,

title = {Short Dry Eye Screening Questionnaire (JDEQS) in comparison with the established OSDI questionnaire},

author = {Pertzsch, Julia; Wittekind, Julia; Marx, Sebastian; Sickenberger, Wolfgang},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Short-Dry-Eye-Screening-Questionnaire-JDEQS-in-comparison-with-the-established-OSDI-questionnaire.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Redfern2018,

title = {Ex Vivo Analysis of Lipid Deposition with Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses and EOBO-Based Lens Care Solutions},

author = {Rachel L. Redfern and Jason J. Nichols and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Jennifer S. Fogt and Marc Schulze and Christopher Lievens and Loretta Szczotka-Flynn and Stefan Schwarz and Amanda Shows and

Jessie Lemp-Hull

},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ARVO-2018-ExVivoAnalysisofLipidDepositionwithSiHyCLandEOBOBasedLensCareSolutions-4.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-29},

address = {ARVO},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2016,

title = {Wettability of different silicone hydrogel lens materials and blister solutions measured using non-invasive keratographic drying up time (NIK-DUT)},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/AAO-2016-Poster-Marx-Wettability-of-different-silicone-hydrogel-lens-materials.pdf},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-09},

number = {165113},

address = { Anaheim},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Objective The primary objective of the study was to determine differences between the surface wettability of silicon hydrogel (SiHy) lens materials and blister pack solutions measured in vitro using a modified corneal topographer (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time [NIK-DUT]). Method and Materials 20 lenses each of the following commercially available SiHy materials and blister solutions were tested: senofilcon A, comfilcon A, samfilcon A, lotrafilcon B/copolymer 845, lotrafilcon B copolymer 845+EOBO-41. The NIK-DUT video was captured with a modified Oculus Keratograph 5M. The NIK-DUT was determined by evaluation of the reflected placido-ring image during a measurement time of 180 sec by a trained investigator. The focus was on the measurement of the area under the curve (AUC, cumulative dry-up over 180 seconds) and the determination of the time point derived when 25% of the entire measurement segments showed dry-up during the measuring time (NIK-DUT_S25). Based on asymptotic, not normally distributed data, the Kruskal Wallis test was conducted to determine effect of lens material/blister solution (alpha 0.05). Results The AUC results were as follows: 9463% comfilcon A, 7964% samfilcon A, 7033% senofilcon A, 5592% lotrafilcon B/copolymer 845 and 4680% for lotrafilcon B/ copolymer 845+EOBO-41 and were statistically significantly different, p = 0.001. NIK-DUT_S25 comparison showed the following order: 72sec comfilcon A, 79sec samfilcon A, 93sec lotrafilcon B/copolymer 845, 96sec senofilcon A and 123sec for lotrafilcon B copolymer 845+EOBO-41. Conclusion There are significant differences between the wettability performances of different lens materials measured directly out of the packaging solution. Within lotrafilcon B lenses, the EOBO-41 maintained the wettability of the lens surface longer. Blister solutions containing specifically designed agents to improve lens surface wettability may bring benefits like improved comfort and vision to the contact lens wearer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2016b,

title = {Comparison of Pre Lens Tear Film Stability of Nelfilcon A with Different Optical Designs Using Placido Ring Projection},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Cecile Maissa and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/GLSL2016_Marx_Dailies_Pre_lens_tear_film_POS.pdf},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-21},

address = {Las Vegas},

organization = {Global Specialty Lens Symposium},

abstract = {Purposes: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pre lens tear film characteristics of nelfilcon A daily disposable contact lenses with either toric or multifocal design compared to nelfilcon A daily disposable lenses with a spherical design over 12 hours of lens wear. A further objective of the study was to evaluate the day-to-day and inter-subject variability of tear film characteristics assessed using the Oculus K5 imaging system. Method: 48 adult soft contact lens wearers, aged 18 years and over, including 24 presbyopes, were enrolled. Three single test days/periods with a wash out phase of at least 48hours were planned for each subject. The subjects wore either the spherical nelfilcon A design or the specialized toric or multifocal design at test period one according to their group and on test period two vice versa in a randomized order. At test period three all subjects wear the spherical nelfilcon A design. Tear film videos using the K5 Oculus-Imaging Live Mode with projected ring mires onto the lens surface were taken after three different time points post contact lens insertion (5min, 8hrs and 12hrs) to determine pre-lens tear film stability. Results: The results showed that, for either population, the specialized designs did not adversely affect the on eye wettability: i. in presbyopes, the overall relative risk (RR) of a Grade 2 or 3 surface wettability between nelfilcon A multifocal and nelfilcon A sphere after 12 hours of wear was 1.06, and the lower limit (0.96) of 95% CI of overall RR was ≤1. In astigmats, the overall relative risk (RR) of a Grade 2 or 3 surface wettability between the toric and spherical design after 12 hours of wear was 0.90, and the lower limit (0.79) of 95% CI of overall RR was ≤1. Conclusion: The study established the inter- as well as intra-subject variation of the tear film characteristics measurements over 25 sec post blink using this method. The surface wettability of nelfilcon A multifocal and toric daily disposable contact lenses was shown to be at least as good as that of the spherical design after 12 hrs of lens wear, demonstrating that the wettability was not affected by the optical design of the lens.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Maissa2015,

title = {Variability of Pre Ocular and Pre Lens Tear Film Stability Assessed Subjectively and Objectively Using Placido Ring Projection},

author = {Cecile Maissa and Sebastian Marx and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/variability-pre-ocular-and-pre-lens-tear-film-stability-assessed-subjectively-and-objectively-using



https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/1281-AAOpt-Maissa-10-05-15_CM.pdf},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-10-09},

number = {155699},

address = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: The objective of the study was to characterize the tear film (TF) stability over 12 hours of nelfilcon A daily disposable contact lens wear and evaluate its day-to-day and inter-subject variability.



Methods: 48 adapted soft contact lens wearers aged 18 years and over, including 24 presbyopes, were enrolled. Each subject attended two 12-h wear periods of nelfilcon A daily disposable contact lenses. During each period of wear, TF videos using the K5 Oculus-Imaging Live Mode and Ring Mire System projected onto the ocular surface were recorded before contact lens insertion (POTF) and at three different time points post contact lens insertion (PLTF) (5 m, 8 h, and 12 h post insertion). The TF characteristics were measured subjectively in terms of surface wettability grading and break up time and semi-objectively in terms of area under the curve (AUC) of % distortion with time, maximum % distortion over 25 s post blink, and % distortion at 5 s and 10 sec post blink.



Results: The results showed differences in tear film characteristics between the POTF and PLTF situations; the time to first distortion decreased by 18% to ~50% in the presence of a contact lens. The maximum % distortion recorded over 25 s post blink increased from an average of 10-15% for the POTF to 26-36% at 5 m, 8 h, and 12 h post lens insertion. Within each testing condition (POTF & PLTF) the inter-subject variability, expressed as the coefficient of variation, ranged from 48-69% for the time to first distortion and 65-170% for the maximum % distortion. The day-to-day variability was also calculated (Time to first distortion Mean Diff: -1.20 to 1.15 s).



Conclusion: The study established the inter- as well as intra-subject variation of subjective and semi-objective measurements of the TF characteristics over 25 s post blink using this method. The new objective endpoints used provided valuable insight as to TF kinetics during the interblink period in the presence or absence of a contact lens.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Müller2015,

title = {Subjective Comparison of Pre-Lens Tear Film Stability of Daily Disposable Contact Lenses Using Modern Video Topography},

author = {Christiane Müller and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_EAOO_JenVis_final.pdf},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-05-14},

booktitle = {Programme and Abstracts - Budapest 2015},

number = {28},

pages = {139},

organization = {European Academy of Optometry and Optics},

abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo tear film stability of three different daily disposable contact lenses (DDCLs) using the ring mire projection of the Keratograph 5M (Oculus) after five minutes, eight hours, and 12 hours of wear. Methods: Three DDCLs (nelfilcon A, etafilcon A, omafilcon A) were tested on 28 subjects in a prospective, randomised, observer masked cross-over study. From the video recordings, the pre-lens non-invasive keratopgraph-drying-up time (PL NIK-DUT) was determined subjective and the surface wettability graded (0=no visible distortions to 3=distortions in >1/3 of the ring reflection zone) at five, ten, 15, 20 and 25 seconds post-blink after five minutes, eight hours and 12 hours of wear. Medians of PL NIK-DUTs and wettability values of three observers were analysed statistically.

Results: Whereas the PL NIK-DUT was not statistically significantly different between lenses (five min nelfilcon A:4.75±5.36 sec, etafilcon A:5.38±4.50 sec, omafilcon A:6.68±5.00 sec p=0.626; 8 hrs nelfilcon A:5.28±5.71 sec, etafilcon A:3.46±4.52 sec, omafilcon A:4.93±6.34 sec p=0.292; 12 hrs nelfilcon A:5.50±5.43 sec, etafilcon A:4.66± 6.0 sec, omafilcon A:5.85±5.73 sec p=0.614), the subjective wettability grades showed significant differences after 12 hrs with 1.24±1.17 sec for nelfilcon A, 1.43±1.20 sec for etafilcon A and 1.21±1.19 sec for omafilcon A (p=0.001; Kruskal-Wallis-Test). Conclusion: The study showed that the method is suitable to evaluate in vivo pre lens tear film stability. From the results, it may be concluded that lens materials with release wetting agents and biocompatible materials can have a positive impact on the patient’s lens wearing experience after 12 hours of wear.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2015,

title = {Subjective pre-lens tear film stability of daily disposable contact lenses using ring mire projection},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Christiane Müller and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048414002355},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2014.11.096},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-02-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2014},

volume = {38},

pages = {e5},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

howpublished = {Poster},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Srinivasan2014,

title = {Meibomian Gland Atrophy Rate in Pre-presbyopic Contact Lens and Non-Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Sruthi Srinivasan and Andrew D. Pucker and Lisa A. Jones-Jordan and Wing Li and Justin T. Kwan and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx and Meng C. Lin and Lyndon W. Jones},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/meibomian-gland-atrophy-rate-pre-presbyopic-contact-lens-and-non-contact-lens-wearers},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-15},

number = {140081},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: To determine the rate of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy in a matched-pair sample of contact lens (CL) and non-contact-lens (NCL) wearers.



Methods: CL wearers with a minimum of five years of CL use and NCL wearers who were age- and gender-matched were recruited across five study sites from three countries (USA, Canada and Germany). Lower and upper eyelids of all participants were everted and MGs were imaged using the Keratograph 5M infrared camera (OCULUS). MG atrophy (percent) was determined by analyzing the mean gland loss of the upper and lower eyelids in the most affected eye. Digital analyses of the images were conducted using ImageJ software. General linear regression models were used to determine MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers to account for the matched design.



Results:A total of 118 participants were included in the analysis. Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 yrs; 41F and 18M pairs were collected. Mean MG atrophy in the CL group was 25.8% and 24.0% in the NCL group (p=0.41). Neither age (p=0.39) nor gender (p=0.43) was significantly associated with MG atrophy in this cohort. No significant differences were found for different age groups (<20, 20-24, 25-29, 30+ years; p= 0.40). There was a 0.19 % increase per year in MG atrophy in CL wearers compared with a 0.003% increase per year in NCL wearers. Number of years of CL wear was also not significantly associated with MG atrophy (p=0.50).



Conclusions: MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers were similar in this cohort of pre-presbyopic participants. It was also noted that age, gender and years of CL wear were not associated with MG atrophy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Pucker2014,

title = {Factors Associated with Meibomian Gland Atrophy in Daily Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Andrew Pucker, Lisa Jones-Jordan, Wing Li, Justin Kwan, Meng Lin, Wolfgang Sickenberger, Sebastian Marx, Sruthi Srinivasan, Lyndon Jones},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/factors-associated-meibomian-gland-atrophy-daily-contact-lens-wearers},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-15},

number = {140082},

address = {New Orleans},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: To determine factors associated with contact lens related meibomian gland atrophy in a matched pair sample.



Methods: Contact lens wearers (case) and age- and gender-matched non-contact lens wearers with no significant history of contact lens use (control) were recruited across five study sites in three countries. All subjects were administered an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear osmolarity, lid wiper epitheliopathy, lid parallel conjunctival folds, line of Marx, conjunctival staining, upper eyelid meibomian gland expressibility, Schirmer’s test, and meibomian gland atrophy were assessed. Univariate conditional logistic regression was then used to determine relationships between meibomian gland atrophy and clinical signs and symptoms.



Results: Subjects included 118 adults (59 matched pairs). Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 years; 69% of the subjects were female. No significant associations were found between meibomian gland atrophy and the following variables: OSDI (P = 0.55), tear meniscus height (P = 0.85), non-invasive tear break-up time (P = 0.58), tear osmolarity (P = 0.56), lid wiper epitheliopathy (P = 0.34), lid parallel conjunctival folds (P = 0.42), line of Marx (P = 0.32), conjunctival staining (P = 0.36), Schirmer’s test (P = 0.05), and meibomian gland expressibility (P = 0.81). Unpaired analysis comparing subject age and meibomian gland atrophy also found no association.



Conclusions: These data indicate that there are no significant differences between contact lens wearers and non-contact lens wearers in this cohort of relatively young lens wearers, when comparing meibomian gland atrophy to clinical dry eye signs and symptoms. No association between meibomian gland atrophy and age was found, which is in contrast to past studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2014,

title = {Subjective performance of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Stefan Schwarz and Mary Fahmy and Jami Kern and Cecile Maissa},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Subjective-performance-of-hydrogel-and-silicone-hydrogel-AAO-POSTER-2014-1.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/subjective-performance-hydrogel-and-silicone-hydrogel-daily-disposable-contact-lenses},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

number = {145191},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Methods: In a subject-masked multi-center cross-over study, current DD wearers (n=316) wore the test (nelfilcon A) or control (filcon II-3) lenses bilaterally for 1 week each, in a randomized order.The subjective performance was recorded in terms of subjective ratings and preferences for comfort, dryness, vision, handling, overall satisfaction/overall preference and purchase intent.The subjects rated their subjective responses on a 1-10 point scale (1=poor/very dry/difficult, 10=excellent/not dry/easy).



Results: 316 subjects, all habitual wearers of spherical DD lenses, were enrolled at twenty two (22) sites (6 UK sites 16 German sites), 310 completed the study. After 1 week of wear, the performance of the test lenses was unsurpassed for all subjective ratings of comfort, dryness, handling, and vision compared to the control lenses. In addition, comfort during the day was significantly superior for the test lens compared to the control lens (8.0 v 7.6; <0.001). The test lenses were also shown to be superior to the control lenses for dryness throughout the day (7.7 v 7.3), handling at removal (8.0 v 7.5), all vision ratings (quality of vision during the day: 8.5 v 7.5 , quality of vision at night: 8.1 v 7.2, consistency of vision throughout the day: 8.1 v 7.2, consistency of vision at night: 8.0 v 7.3, consistency of vision from day to day: 8.6 v 8.0, and overall vision quality: 8.3 v 7.4) and overall lens satisfaction (7.8 v 6.9 p<0.001). Finally, among subjects with a preference, the test lenses were preferred for comfort during the day, comfort at the end of the day, overall comfort, overall vision, overall preference, and purchase intent (p<0.001 to 0.006).



Conclusion:The two DD lenses were well accepted, with the nelfilcon A lenses showing superior daytime comfort, handling at removal, overall lens satisfaction and all vision ratings and less dryness throughout the day when compared with the filcon II-3 lenses after one week of wear.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2014,

title = {Development and Evaluation of a novel Tool to measure the pupillary and contact lens decentration},

author = {Sebastian Schubert and Mario Rehnert and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2014-SS-Development-and-Evaluation-of-a-novel-to.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/development-and-evaluation-novel-tool-measure-pupillary-and-contact-lens-decentration},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

number = {145227},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: To develop a novel tool to measure the difference between the corneal and the pupillary center as well as difference between the pupillary and the contact lens center based on a photograph of the anterior eye captured with a conventional slit lamp.



Methods: The novel tool to measure the distances was developed as a double-triangle. To evaluate the center of the pupillary, the cornea or the CL, a photograph of the eye was taken with a conventional video slit lamp. Then, the double-triangle was masked on the photograph of the eye. To find the position at least three of four edges of the triangle must touch the edge of the pupillary, the cornea and the CL. To determine the difference between the centers, the distance between the triangle centers were measured. To evaluate the tool a prospective study by means of a conventional video slit lamp and a SIRIUS - 3D Rotating Scheimpflug Camera & Topography System (bon optic) in 20 subjects (50% male; aged (54.9±6.3 years with a range of (45 to 71) years) was conducted. The differences between the pupillary center and the corneal vertex were measured with both devices.



Results: The pupillary decentration by means of the novel tool was measured by OD -0.24±0.13mm and OS -0.33±0.14mm and by means of the Rotating Scheimpflug Camera by OD -0.18±0.11mm und OS -0.21±0.12mm. Comparing both methods the mean differences were OD 0.06±0.02mm and OS 0.12±0.02mm.



Conclusion: The novel measuring tool combines the advantages of the conventional graticule and software based analyzing tools like modern video topographer. Especially for fitting simultaneous contact lenses, the difference between the CL center and pupillary center can be visualized and measured easily. Furthermore, the tool could be used for similar tasks, e.g. measuring intra ocular lens decentration.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Blaurock2017,

title = {Standard values of the central corneal curvature and eccentricity in healthy Caucasian eyes: a retrospective study },

author = {Claudia Blaurock, Daniela Oehring, Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/standard-values-central-corneal-curvature-and-eccentricity-healthy-caucasian-eyes-retrospective},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

number = {145226},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: Corneal curvature (cc) and eccentricity is a standard method to describe the topography of the eye. The cc has an impact on the measurements of the dynamic contour tonometry. The values of the cc are fundamentally important for all kind of refractive surgery and IOL power calculation. Curvature changes are associated with a large number of corneal diseases and contact lens wearing. The purpose of the study was to evaluate standard values of the central corneal curvature and the 30-degree eccentricity (Ecc).



Methods: The central corneal radii (flattest K1 and steepest K2) and the eccentricity within 30deg were measured by means of the multifunctional topographer (Keratograph 4 Oculus, Germany). After applying the exclusion criteria and outlier labeling 4,360 right and 4,308 left eyes of 4,505 healthy Caucasian subjects were analyzed. The subjects were aged between 0-113years (mean 36.23±16.89 years). If there were more than one value for each eye available the average was calculated. Gender distribution shows 39.4% males. Differences between male and female as well as between the right and the left eye were analyzed (Shapiro-Wilk test, correlation between cc and age by means of Pearsons r).



Results: The mean corneal radii at 30deg are 43.03±1.50dpt and 44.08±1,57dpt for the K1 and the K2, respectively. The data shows a statistically significant difference between males and females (t-test, p= 0.000; K1/ K2: male 42.68±1.53dpt/ 43.68±1.58dpt, female 43.27±1.46dpt/ 44.34±1.52dpt). The mean corneal eccentricity at 30deg was 0.55±0.10. For none of the analyzed data a correlation to the age was found (K1 p=0.005; K2 p=-0.033; Ecc p=-0.026).



Conclusion: The mean cc and the eccentricity at 30deg provided by a multifunctional topographer are related to the reported average values for Caucasian subjects. The central corneal radius is lager in males than in females. The same ratios were found for the eccentricity at 30 deg. The values of the cc are relevant for the calculation of contact lenses, dynamic counter tonometry and corneal surgery. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Amthor2014,

title = {Study to measure the tear film stabilisation and possible reduction of subjective symptoms by application of lipid-containing lubricants},

author = {Bianca Amthor and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2014-Study-to-measure-the-tear-film-stabilisation-and-possible-reduction-of-subjective-symptoms-by-application-of-lipid-containing-lubricants-BA-SM.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/study-measure-tear-film-stabilisation-and-possible-reduction-subjective-symptoms-application-lipid},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

number = {145022},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to investigate if the application of lipid-containing lubricants can have a positive effect on the stabilisation of the tear film.  Furthermore, the consistency between patients perception and stabilisation of the tear film were evaluated.







Methods: The study involved 24 patients (n = 24; with an average age of 59 +/-9 years; 66.7 % female and 33.3 % male patients). Quality and quantity tear film tests to the right eye were performed by using the K5M (Videokeratograph, Oculus) and a slit lamp (SL120, Zeiss). On each appointment a questionnaire was completed by the patient. Three appointments at a distance between 12-16 days were performed apart and the distribution of lubricants was random.







Results: The results of the NIK-BUT-measurement were normally distributed and there was no significant difference between the lubricants. An impact of both lubricant compounds has been demonstrated, it applies to both short term and long term effects. For the first group of subjects the NIK-BUT values for the baseline take place at 11.9 +/- 4.9 seconds. At the final test the NIK-BUT is 14.1 +/- 5.5 seconds. For the second group of subjects the NIK-BUT values take place to 10.4 +/- 6.1 seconds at the baseline test and for the finish test they take place at 14.3 +/-6.3 seconds.







There was a huge discrepancy between NIK-BUT-classifications and the OSDI-scores. For the tear meniscus height and OSDI-score no consistency could be demonstrated.







Conclusions: Lipid-containing lubricants lead a stabilisation of the tear film, regardless of their form of application.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2014,

title = {Prospective Study to compare two different Kinds of Illuminations by Measuring the Non-Invasive Tear Film Break-Up Time by Means of a Video Topographer},

author = {Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-compare-two-different-kinds-illuminations-measuring-non-invasive-tear-film-break},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

number = {145029},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose: To determine differences between two different illuminations, white light and infrared, which are available when measuring the non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIK-BUT) using a novel video topographer. 



Methods: A single-center, three-visit, randomized, prospective study evaluating the NIK-BUT measured by means of an objective analyzing software of the video topographer was conducted in 37 subjects (56% male; aged (31.5+/-10.3)years (19-65 years). The NIK-BUT was measured on both eyes in randomized order with white (W) and infrared (IR) illumination, consecutively three times at each visit and at the same daytime under standardized conditions. To compare these illuminations both available BUT values, first BUT (FBUT) and average BUT (AvgBUT), as well as measurement time and the maximal area of the tear film break-up (represented by the weighted amount of affected segments) were analyzed. To determine inter-group comparisons, a two-tailed t-test was conducted.



Results: The white illumination (467 measurements) shows the average FBUT at (6.44+/-5.34)sec and AvgBUT at (9.55+/-5.48)sec. The measurement time was on average (18.04+/-6.86)sec and the maximal area was (2.6+/-3.5)segments. With infrared (374 measurements) the average FBUT was determined at (6.25+/-4.59)sec, AvgBUT at (8.78+/-4.78)sec. The measurement time was on average (18.18+/-6.90)sec and the maximal area was (2.7+/-3.7)segments. There were no statistically significant differences between white and infrared illumination in each measured variable (FBUT p=0.959; AvgBUT p=0,160; measurement time p=0.998; maximal area 0.360; two-tailed t-test).



Conclusions: There are no significant differences between both available illuminations when measuring the NIK-BUT with the K5 video topographer (Oculus). Therefore the investigator is independent in choosing the illumination. Only the patient preferences and conditions may affect this choice. Additionally, both kinds of measurements are assignable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Henker2014,

title = {Development of a new display based testing method for the measurement of the dynamic visual acuity (DVA)},

author = {Eric Henker and Oliver Kolbe and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/development-new-display-based-testing-method-measurement-dynamic-visual-acuity-dva

https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster-AAO_DVA_2_klein.pdf},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

number = {145159},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Purpose. The dynamic visual acuity (DVA) defines the ability to detect details in moving objects. Available digital testing devices suffer from a poor display performance, such as motion blur and afterimages. Considering the technological progress of visual display units a new, standardized testing method for the measurement of the DVA should be achieved. 



Methods. A market analysis and a feasibility analysis clarified if the display performance of modern VDUs last the demands of a reliable test. Different possibilities of the presentation of optotypes were tested experimentally, several coding languages compared.  



Results. Presenting moving objects in an acceptable display performance is realizable with the Foris FG2421 (Eizo) display unit (23.5”) using the 240 Hz turbo mode. A refresh rate of 120 Hz combined with blinking backlight (240 Hz turbo mode) guarantees great motion clarity and not notable afterimages. The foundation for a standardized test procedure was developed based on the testing method for the static visual acuity. Five moving optotypes (Landolt C) are presented on a sphere for each velocity level and size for a fixed presentation time of each 2 seconds. The starting point, the direction of movement (clockwise, counterclockwise) as well as the gap of the Landolt C is randomized. The test is measuring in the range of the smooth pursuit eye movements. The test scenarios are programmed with Flash CS 6 and transformed into single video clips. The field of view is limited by the screen size, display resolution and computer performance. 



Conclusions. Due to the technological progress DVA measurements could be realized using VDUs. The new standardized testing method needs to be enhanced. Further studies should determine defined velocities and sizes of the moving objects. The test should be recoded in C++ to minimize the randomization and presentation effort and to lower the required computer performance. A validation study should be run as well as new technologies (4K, HDMI 2.0) observed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Höffel2013,

title = {Experimental study to assess the influence of air draught on the lower tear meniscus height},

author = {Christopher Höffel and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Höffel-BCLA-2013-Experimental-study-to-assess-the-influence-of-air-draught-on-the-lower-meniscus-height.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(13)00197-5/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.08.083},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2013},

volume = {36},

pages = {e22},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Experimental study to assess the influence of air draught on the lower tear meniscus height 



Purpose: The measurement of the tear meniscus height (TMH) is one of the standard tests to assess the quantity of the tear film. Aim of this study was to determine the influence of wind or air draught to the tear meniscus height. 



Methods: A prospective, randomised study (n=40; 53% female, 47% male; aged (25.2+/-1.8)years) was conducted to measure central, nasal and temporal lower TMH on both eyes by means of a video-topographer (Keratograph5M, Oculus) with infrared illumination (Oculus, TF-Scan V2.2.18) under normal conditions (NC-TMH) and with wind stimulation (W-TMH), performing three consecutive measurements each. Both the nasal and temporal TMH were quantified two millimetres off the vertical pupillary centre, respectively. The air draught was generated by a wind tunnel (Sziols Inc.). The mean wind velocity was (0.8 +/- 0.2)m/s at a distance of three metres between patient and wind tunnel. Patients were exposed to air draught for one minute. 



Results: The average of the central NC-TMH was determined by (0.29+/-0.13)mm, nasal by (0.27+/-0.12)mm and temporal by (0.30+/-0.13)mm. The mean value of the W-TMH was calculated central by (0.36+/-0.17)mm, nasal by (0.35+/-0.18)mm and temporal by (0.40+/-0.20)mm. There are statically significant differences between the NC-TMH and the W-TMH in all measured locations (central p=0.000, nasal p=0.000, temporal p=0.000; Wilcoxon test). The W-TMH is significantly higher than the NC-TMH (95% confidence interval of the mean: central (-0.10 to -0.05)mm, nasal (-0.10 to -0.06)mm and temporal (-0.12 to -0.07)mm). 



Conclusion: The central, nasal and temporal TMHs are significantly higher under wind stimulation as under normal conditions. Based on that, it is obvious that mistakes during the assessment of the TMH may occur if the patient is exposed to air draught before. Hence, to avoid or minimise this influence, it is necessary to ask if the patient was exposed to such conditions before tear film assessment.  



},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wiedemann2013,

title = {Development of the tear film analysis system of a modified topographer (Keratograph5 M, Oculus) for the assessment of the lipid layer},

author = {Doreen Wiedemann and Martina Sinnig and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/D.Wiedemann_Poster_BCLA2013.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136704841300266X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2013},

volume = {36},

pages = {e46},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2013,

title = {EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFUSE SLIT LAMP ILLUMINATION ON THE LOWER AND UPPER TEAR MENISCUS HEIGHT },

author = { Daniela Oehring, Christoph Hoeffel, Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/experimental-study-assess-influence-diffuse-slit-lamp-illumination-lower-and-upper-tear-meniscus},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-25},

number = {135241},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE:

Measurement of tear meniscus height is performed to quantify the tear film. Aim of the study was to determine the influence of diffuse illumination on the lower and upper tear meniscus height (LTMH and UTMH) of both eyes.



METHODS:

A prospective, randomized study (n=38; 55% female, 45% male; aged (25.2+/-1.8)years) was conducted to measure LTMH and UTMH on both eyes by means of a video topographer (Keratograph 5M, Oculus) with infrared illumination (Oculus, TF-Scan V2.2.18) under normal conditions (NC-LTMH and NC-UTMH) and with diffuse illumination (I-LTMH and I-UTMH). Both the nasal and temporal TMH were quantified two millimeters off the central measurement. The central point was located at the vertical pupillary center. All locations were consecutively measured at three times. Each tested eye was exposed the diffuse slit lamp light (1300+/-100)lux) for ten sec in ten cm distance. The lighting device of the slit lamp was located at an angle of 25 degrees.



RESULTS:

There are statistically significant differences between both eyes (NC-UTMH: nasal p=0.045; I-LTMH: central p=0.010 and nasal p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). In contrast there are no statistically significant differences between both eyes at the following locations (NC-LTMH: central p=0.728, nasal p=0.898, temporal p=0.438; NC-UTMH: central p=0.124, temporal p=0.635; I-LTMH: temporal p=0.392; I-UTMH: central p=0.451, nasal p=0.380, temporal p=0.922, Wilcoxon test). The nasal NC-UTMH-OS is higher than nasal NC-UTMH-OD (95% confidence interval of the mean (95%CI): (-0.04 to 0.00)mm). Both the central I-LTMH-OD and nasal I-LTMH-OD are higher than central I-LTMH-OS and nasal I-LTMH-OS (95%CI: central (0.01 to 0.06)mm and nasal (0.02 to 0.07)mm).



CONCLUSIONS:

The nasal NC-UTMH as well as the central and nasal I-LTMH are significantly different in both eyes. This indicates that the assessment of the tear film should be performed on both eyes because physiological differences of the TMH may exist. In addition, the determination of the temporal tear meniscus height prevents inaccuracies. It is expected that especially the anatomy of the lower eye lid influences the TMH.



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:

This study was performed as Bachelor of Science thesis at the Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2013,

title = {Assessment of the wettability of different silicone hydrogel contact lenses using a novel in vitro method},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Martina Sinnig and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Marx-Sinnig-WS-Assessment-of-the-wettability-of-different-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses-using-a-novel-in-vitro-method.pdf



http://www.aaopt.org/assessment-wettability-different-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses-using-novel-vitro-method},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-23},

number = {130287},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE: 

The aim of the study was to determine differences between the surface wettability of various lens/solution combinations in terms of the drying-up time measured in vitro using a modified corneal topographer (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time (NIK-DUT)).



METHODS: 

Five market-leading silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses were tested out of the blister solution or after a washing procedure and subsequent soak in renu fresh® MPS, OPTI-FREE® PureMoist® MPDS (OFPM) or Bausch and Lomb Sensitive Eyes saline (control). The NIK-DUT was measured ten times for every combination by evaluating the reflected placido-ring image objectively. The focus was on the measurement of the NIK-DUT value derived when 25% of the entire measurement segments showed dry-up during the measuring time (NIK-DUT_S25). Based on an asymptotic, normally distributed mean value an analysis of variance (ANOVA, alpha=0.05) and subsequently a 2-tailed t-test was conducted to determine inter-group comparisons.



RESULTS:

The average NIK-DUT_S25 value among the 5 test lenses (Balafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B with Aqua Technology, Lotrafilcon A, Comfilcon A and Senolfilcon A) in combination with saline solution was 124.8±3.5s. The same lenses showed average increases of 8.7% out of the blister solution (135.6±11.6s), 7.0% with renu fresh (133.6±23.6s), and 22.9% with OFPM (153.4±23.3s). With saline as reference the results of the t-test are p=0,05 to OFPM; 0,11 to blister solution and 0,45 to renu fresh.



CONCLUSIONS:

There are relevant differences between lens packaging and care solution regarding the wettability of the SiHy lenses. Increasing lens wettability through use of a lens care solution with a wetting agent designed to interact with silicone material may have a positive impact on the patient’s lens wearing experience.



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: 

The study was financially supported by Alcon Research Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2013,

title = {Prospective study on success rates of fitting simultaneous multifocal contact lenses in relation to physiological circumstances},

author = {Sebastian Schubert and Mario Rehnert and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2013-SS-Prospective-study-on-success-rates-of-fitting-simultanous-multifocal-contact-lenses-in-relation-to-physiological-circumstances.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-success-rates-fitting-simultaneous-multifocal-contact-lenses-relation},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-23},

number = {135124},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to prove a significant influence of the parameters amplitude of pupillary light reflex, decentration of contact lenses and anterior chamber depth on the success of fitting simultaneous multifocal contact lenses with “near-in-centre” design.



METHODS: All variables were measured at n=20 successful users (54.9 ± 6.3 years). The anterior chamber depth were determined by a Scheimpflug-camera and the amplitude of pupillary light reflex on fotopic and scotopic conditions were gauged by an integrated pupillograph. The decentration of contact lenses were assessed on slit lamp pictures by using a virtual measuring device. Additionally, the subjects had to evaluate the visual performance for both far and near vision, and in general.



RESULTS: The contact lens decentration was OD -0.14 ± 0.23mm, OS +0.03 ± 0.19mm in horizontal direction and -0.09 ± 0.27mm in vertical orientation on both eyes. Comparing to related studies the contact lens decentration is significantly different (p<0,001). Furthermore, an anterior chamber depth of 2.67 ± 0,35mm and an amplitude of pupillary light reflex of 1.96 ± 0.49mm were measured. The evaluation of the visual performance showed a significant correlation of anterior chamber depth for far vision (r= -0,47 ; p= 0,037)



CONCLUSIONS: The amplitude of pupillary light reflex and anterior chamber depth may have a highly potential influence on a successful fitting of multifocal contact lenses. Moreover, the amplitude of pupillary light reflex up to 1.5mm can be beneficial.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wittekind2012,

title = {Study determining the reproducibility of the non-invasive break- up time by corneal topographer (NIK-BUT) method for infrared, red and white illumination},

author = {Julia Wittekind and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_BCLA_2012_JuliaWittekind.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00203-2/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.101},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e32},

abstract = {Purpose. : The aim of the study was to measure the reproducibility of the non-invasive

break-up time (NIK-BUT) method using three different illumination colours.

Methods. 48 subjects were enrolled (mean age 34,8 ± 15,2 years; 50% female, 50% male).

The reproducibility of NIK-BUT (OCULUS Keratograph 4, Version: 1.76b53rH) was tested on

three consecutive days at the same day time. Infrared, red and white illumination was

examined in a randomized order. A comparison of the first break-up (NIKf-BUT) and the

average of all affected areas (NIKav-BUT) was made.

Results. The normal distribution (n=48, Shapiro-Wilk-test) of the results was yielded for the

NIKav-BUT with red illumination. The other results of the examination are not normally

distributed. Results show that there is no statistical difference regardless of the illumination,

which was used on three consecutive days (infrared illumination without a glare ring: NIKfBUT

p=0,09, NIKav-BUT p=0,243; white illumination with a glare ring: NIKf-BUT p=0,558,

NIKav-BUT p=0,864; red illumination: NIKf-BUT p=0,763, NIKav-BUT p=0,781).

Conclusion. : The results of the non-invasive keratographic break-up time on three

successive days were equal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Kuntz2012,

title = {Novel method to evaluate the tear flow velocity by using a corneal topographer},

author = {Jörg Kuntz and Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster_Joerg_Kuntz.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048412002020

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00202-0/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.100},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e32},

abstract = {Purpose. Aim of the study was to develop and test a novel method to evaluate the tear flow rate

with a corneal topographer. The results were used in preparation for a subsequent objective

analysis to classify tear film quality.

Methods. An appropriate application of the corneal topographer was developed to evaluate tear

flow behavior of tear film by means of particles contained therein. 34 subjects (mean age 37.1±

19.1; male 38% female 62%) participated in this pilot study. A slitlamp observation was used for

reference. To classify the flow behavior, established methods for tear film analysis were used

(TMH; Interference; PRT). Particles were tracked manually to establish a base for the later

development of automatic tracking.

Results. The median of the tear flow with the topographer was 1.19 mm/s (mean= 1.10± 0,39

mm/s) after 1 second, the median of the slitlamp was 1.15 mm/s (mean= 1.24± 0.47 mm/s). A

normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk-Test) was found for the new method (p=0.365) and the reference

(p=0.216). No significant difference between the methods (p=0.113; T-Test) was found. A

correlation between them (p=0.044) became obvious. However no correlation between these

velocities and the established methods (TMH; Interference; PRT) was proved.

Conclusion. The modified illumination of the topographer allows a subjective assessment of the

tear flow and its comparison with the reference. The objective analysis is due to this pilot study

limited. To develop a classification of this method, further studies are required.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Jerchel2012,

title = {Objective classification and documentation of bulbar redness using a corneal topographer},

author = {Nicole Jerchel and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Marc M. Schulze},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048412001609

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00160-9/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.058},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e18},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Sickenberger2012,

title = {Validation of a novel morphing software to classify different slit lamp findings},

author = {Wolfgang Sickenberger and Daniela Oehring},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_BCLA_2012_DO_final-1.pdf



http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(12)00167-1/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.065},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2012},

volume = {35},

pages = {e20-21},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Michel2012,

title = {Optimization of the Non-Contact Meibography by means of an experimental Corneal Topographer},

author = {Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/optimization-non-contact-meibography-means-experimental-corneal-topographer



https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/AAO-2012-Sinnig-Sickenberger-Meibography.pdf},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

number = {125663},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Optimization of the Non-Contact Meibography by means of an experimental Corneal Topographer



To optimize the non-contact meibography using a corneal topographer to improve the image quality and to make the assessment of the meibomian gland morphology more accessible in daily practice, easier for the practitioner and more comfortable for the patient. 



A commercial corneal topographer was used to assess meibography images regarding illumination, magnification and field of view. With lenses which were adjusted in the calotte of the device the field of view, the optimal magnification and in this regard an appropriate working distance were determined to simplify the gland assessment for the investigator in terms of the eversion of the eyelid. With an experimental corneal topographer equipped with a high resolution camera and a manually adjustable magnification changer, the illumination was tested. Therefore, different IR-diodes with seven different wavelengths were tested as well as the number and the arrangement of the diodes were determined to achieve a good uniform illumination on the entire area of the everted eyelid. In addition, some software settings regarding white balance, exposure time and gain were optimized.



The modifications tested were implemented in a new device (Keratograph 5M, Oculus). With this device, the assessment of the meibomian glands is possible with an adequate field of view of 25mm. The greater working distance facilitates the eversion of the eyelid. Due to the high resolution camera, high-quality photos and videos can be taken. Six vertically arranged IR-diodes with a wavelength of 840nm ensure a uniform illumination.



The morphology of the meibomian glands can be examined with the new device in an investigator and patient-friendly way. The excellent quality of the meibography images simplifies the evaluation of morphologic gland changes.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Blaurock2012,

title = {Bicentral, Prospective Study to Compare Corneal Diameter, Curvature and Eccentricity of Caucasian Eyes},

author = {Claudia Blaurock and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/bicentral-prospective-study-compare-corneal-diameter-curvature-and-eccentricity-caucasian-eyes

https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/final_WS_CB.pdf},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

number = {125656},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE: To review the following hypothesis: the larger the corneal diameter the smaller the corneal curvature. Furthermore, the relationship between the corneal parameters which are important for soft contact lens fitting will be examined. 



METHODS: In this retrospective study, 5827 data from right (52%) and left (48%) Caucasian eyes were analyzed. These data were exclusively taken from the Oculus Keratograph 4, which were collected in two different German locations (Jena n=1688 and Hildesheim n=4139) and saved from July 1999 to March 2012. 66% females and 34% males with an average age of (33.8; 14.2) years were included. Correlations were analyzed with Pearson coefficient. The following correlations were examined: corneal diameter, radii of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity at 30DEG. Furthermore, the data were analyzed within the following groups: sex, age, eye side. 



RESULTS: Between the corneal diameter (11.74+/-0.40mm), flat and steep corneal radius of curvature (7.86 +/- 0.28mm; 7.67 +/- 0.27mm), a small correlation (r=0.470; R2=0.221; p=0.000; r=0.477; R2=0.228; p=0.000) was determined. The results within the groups sex, age and eye side (p>0.005) were equivalent. The correlation between the flat and steep radius of curvature (7.86 +/- 0.28mm; 7.67+/-0.27mm) and the overall eccentricity (0.54 +/- 0.12) at 30DEG is: r=0.125; R2=0.016; p=0.000; r=0.092; R2=0.008; p=0.000. 51.2% of all data analyzed are located in the range of (11.34; 12.14)mm on the x-axis (corneal diameter) and (7.85; 8.14)mm at the y-axis (flat corneal radius of curvature).



CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis the larger the corneal diameter the smaller the corneal curvature was proven and confirmed. Eyes with a flatter radius of curvature tend to have a higher eccentricity at 30DEG. The design of soft contact lenses referring to average values of corneal parameters leads to approx. 50% suitable contact lens geometries for contact lens wearers. 



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2012,

title = {Prospective study to establish the standard value of tear film osmolarity of eye-healthy, asymptomatic subjects},

author = {Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-DO-Prospective-study-to-establish-the-standard-value-of-tear-film-osmolarity-of-eye-healthy-asymptomatic.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-establish-standard-value-tear-film-osmolarity-eye-healthy-asymptomatic-subjects},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

number = {125074},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE: To determine the standard value of tear osmolarity among eye-healthy, asymptomatic participants using TearLab Osmometer (TearLab Corporation) and to compare this value with past studies. 



METHODS: In this prospective, randomized (eye side, used measured pen) clinical trial, 304 participants from 8 different German regions were included. Data were collected at 1 visit. After baseline examination, 134 participants (56 male/78 female; average age 40.9?15.9years) met the inclusion criteria. Participants using medication for regulation of water/electrolyte balance and medication which influenced tear production or tear film were excluded. The McMonnies DEQ was used to detect dry eye disease. A meta-analysis was conducted using 21 studies which examined asymptomatic participants fulfilling pre-defined criteria such as medication use or defined age of participants. 



RESULTS: The mean osmolarity was determined at (303.3+/-17.3)mOsms/L. The osmolarity of right eye (304.9+/-18,2)mOsms/L was statistically significantly higher than of left eye (301.6+/-16.3)mOsms/L (t-test paired samples p=0.020) but not clinically relevant. When the osmolarity of only one eye is measured and the recommended Cut-Off-Value of 316mOsms/L was used to diagnose dry eye, the sensitivity of the test decreased from approx.. 95% to 61.6%. The mean osmolarity determined correlates with the value calculated in the meta-analysis (303.5+/-6.3mOsms/L , n=1463; t-test, unpaired samples p=0.901 reverse null hypothesis).



CONCLUSIONS: The mean osmolarity that was determined in this study may be used as representative for an asymptomatic patient. Measurement of osmolarity should be performed under stable laboratory conditions. When using the COV of 316 mOsms/L, the measurement of only one eye is not sufficient to make an exact diagnosis. It is indispensable to measure both eyes in order to diagnose dry eye disease. 



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: The TearLab Osmometer and equipment was provided by Ciba Vision Vertriebs GmbH and slit lamp by BonOptic GmbH. This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Kuntz2012b,

title = {Computer-aided analysis of tear film velocity compared with established tear film tests},

author = {Jörg Kuntz and Martina Michel and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-JK-Computer-aided-analysis-to-tear-film-velocity-compared-with-established-tear-film-tests.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/computer-aided-analysis-tear-film-velocity-compared-established-tear-film-tests},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

number = {125575},

abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare the tear film velocity measured in a manual analysis by means of a slit lamp with computer-aided analysis using a corneal topographer. These measurements of the tear flow behavior will be performed automatically. Correlations between the flow rates and established tear film tests were also carried out. 



METHODS: A conventional slit lamp and a previously modified corneal topographer (Keratograph 4) was used to assess tear film velocity. The velocity of tear film particles of 34 participants (right and left eye; mean age 37.1+/-19.1years; male 38% female 62%) were recorded in a video. The velocity after 1 second was used for statistical analysis. The tear film velocity corresponds to the movement of these particles. Using the VIANA video analysis software, the velocity was analyzed automatically. The velocities measured with slit lamp were compared with those of the topographer (Pearson). Moreover, the correlation between the results of established tear film tests (tear meniscus height, lipid interference pattern, Phenol red test) and the velocities were determined (Spearman)



RESULTS: The median of the tear film velocity assessed with the slit lamp was 1.15mm/s (mean 1.24+/-0.47mm/s), this assessed with the topographer was 1.19mm/s(mean 1.10+/-0.39mm/s). The results were normally distributed(Shapiro-Wilk-test) with both slit lamp (p=0.216) and topographer method (p=0.365). No significant difference between the methods (p=0.113; t-test; 95%CI(of differences) -0.34;-0.31mm/s) was found and the results correlated (r=0.347, p=0.044). However, no significant correlations between the velocities and established tear film tests were identified (p>0.05)



CONCLUSIONS: Modified topographer allows a user-friendly assessment of tear film velocity. A correlation between flow rates and established tests could not be detected. Further studies should be made to carry out and develop an automatically detection of particles and a classification of tear film velocity



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: The Keratograph 4 and was provided by Oculus GmbH. This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Rattunde2012,

title = {Experimental Study on Color Recognition Using a Hand-Eye Coordination Board},

author = {Ulrike Rattunde and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-UR-Experimental-study-on-color-recognition-using-a-hand-eye-coordination-board.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/experimental-study-color-recognition-using-hand-eye-coordination-board},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

number = {Number	 125318},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE: The interaction of visual and motoric component is known as hand-eye or hand-foot coordination and demands high of the perception system. This ability can be practiced with a novel coordination board (twall?, IMM Holding GmbH) by deactivating flashing fields. The aim of this study was to determine one preference color out of the seven emitted light colors using a combination of a hand-eye coordination test and a visual selective task. 



METHODS: In this prospective study 44 participants (25.0-1.9years; 64% female, 36% male) were included. They had to select a target color from distracting colors in a visual search task. The target color was presented in randomized orders and positions. The average reaction times of each color as well as the number of mistakes were recorded. Differences between the non-normally distributed reaction times for each color have been statistically tested with Friedman. 



RESULTS: The colors red (851?147ms), green (904-152ms) and yellow (960-164ms) have been deactivated significantly faster (p<0.05) than rose (1103-184ms), pink (1119-167ms), blue (1225-204ms) and turquoise (1281-274ms). The mixing-up of blue and turquoise as well as rose and pink is the reason why mistakes only occurred in the target colors blue (49.0%), turquoise (40.2%), rose (8.8%) and pink (2.0%).



CONCLUSIONS: The selection of all seven colors showed preferences for red, green and yellow. A color optimization is necessary to design training for selective attention. 



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Rattunde2012b,

title = {Explorative Study of a Reaction Time Comparison between Professional Athletes and Novices Using a Hand-Eye Coordination Board},

author = {Ulrike Rattunde and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO2012-UR-Explorative-study-of-a-reaction-time-comparison-between-professional-athlets-and-novices-using-a-hand-eye-coordination-board.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/explorative-study-reactiontime-comparison-between-professional-athletes-and-novices-using-hand-eye},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-11-01},

number = {125677},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {PURPOSE: A proficient hand-eye coordination has great influence on the success of athletes in many sport disciplines and can be practiced with a novel coordination board (twall®, IMM Holding GmbH). A comparison was made between professional athletes and novices to determine differences in the hand-eye coordination performance. 



METHODS: Nineteen female novices (24.7±2.1 years) were included in this study and data were collected by one observer. These prospective results were compared to the retrospective results (multi observers at Vision@Sports, January10-11, 2011) of 17 female athletes of the German women's national soccer team (24.1±4.6 years). During the test the coordination board was divided into two fields. Two participants, each participant at one field, were doing a challenge at the same time, deactivating only one color (blue or yellow). The testing period time as well as the number of mistakes was analyzed. 



RESULTS: Differences between the non-normally distributed data of each group were tested statistically by means of Mann-Whitney-U test. In comparison to the novices (98.053±7.699s), the professional athletes (91.706±6.049s) achieved significantly better results in the testing period times (p=0.007). Furthermore, the average error rate of the athletes with 1.7-2.1 mistakes was significantly lower (p=0.011) than this of the novices (4.2-3.4 mistakes).



CONCLUSIONS: The athlete-novice comparison suggests that female professional athletes have better hand-eye coordination. To evaluate the performance parameter, the coordination board twall® is a useful device. 



ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: The twall® was provided by IMM Holding GmbH. This study was accomplished without any financial support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}