Veröffentlichungen

@conference{nokey,

title = {Measurement of the Imaging Quality of Three Intraocular Lenses using the VirtIOL Device},

author = {Lena Petzold and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/AAO22-Poster_LP.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-14},

urldate = {2022-10-14},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

school = {Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule},

abstract = {Purpose:

Primary objective was to evaluate the imaging quality of three different intraocular lenses using the VirtIOL device. Secondary objective was to estimate the contrast sensitivity.



Methods:

An in vitro assessment of three intraocular lenses, including a single vision IOL (CT SPHERIS 209M, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany), a trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) and an EDOF IOL (ACUNEX VARIO AN6V, Teleon Surgical, Germany) was performed using the VirtIOL (10 Lens S.L.U., Spain) device. The VirtIOL is a compact optical bench system. Essential features are a table mounted device that allows to view through an IOL along the optical axis onto a target in any given distance. An industrial camera (UI- 3040CP-C-HQ Rev.2, IDS, Germany) was mounted on the chin rest of the VirtIOL. The 1951 USAF chart was presented at following distances: 6 m, 1 m and 0.4 m after the alignment of the camera and the VirtIOL. The resolving power was tested for the setup for all three test IOLs, which were assembled each in a model eye, using the endpoint line pairs per mm. The captured images were also used to read contrast values using the uEye-Cockpit software (vers. 4.95, IDS, Germany). Twenty repetitions were made at a VirtIOL system aperture of 3mm. A descriptive analysis was performed. A descriptive statistic and when applicable an ANOVA tested was performed.



Results:

The IOLs (monofocal/ trifocal/ EDOF) achieved within the VirtIOL in vitro setup a resolution of 0.445 lp/mm at distance of 6m, as well as 1.00/ 2.828/ 2.520 lp/mm at an intermediate range of 1m. The measurement of resolving power at a near distance 0.4m resulted in 1.00/ 3.564/ 1.122 lp/mm. Following mean contrast values and standard deviations were obtained for the monofocal/ trifocal/ EDOF IOL: 236 ± 8.1 / 115 ± 2.5/ 123 ± 3.9 (p < 0.001) at a distance of 6 m, 96 ± 0.8/ 75 ± 0.7/ 81 ± 0.7 (p < 0.001) in 1 m and 36 ± 0/ 42 ± 0.7/ 36 ± 0.4 (p < 0.001) at a near range of 0.4m.



Conclusion:

The monofocal lens attained the best imaging quality at a distance of 6m, whereas the multifocal lenses dominated the intermediate and near range. In direct comparison, the trifocal lens performed better at the latter distance of 1m than the EDOF lens, which generated a higher imaging quality at distance. The contrast values decrease continuously with increasing resolution and declining distance for all three IOLs. All IOL performed differently in the three distances. However, the generated results are influenced by the limited resolution of the used measuring camera, which is comparable to a VA of 20/10. With the defined VirtIOL in vitro setup, the work represents a basis for further evaluations of intraocular lenses with the VirtIOL device including humans for a preclinical evaluation prior real implantations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2021,

title = {Change in objective ocular redness and symptoms after refit of weekly and monthly lenses into a water-gradient daily disposable lens material},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Stefan Schwarz and Katharina Keller and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

editor = {Sebastian Marx},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Jenvis-AAO-Poster-2021-NOV2021-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-04},

urldate = {2021-11-04},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary objective of the study is the evaluation of change in ocular redness when a water gradient DD SiHy Lens (Delefilcon A) is refitted to 2-4 week CL wearers.



Material and Methods: 52 habitual, asymptomatic, full time SCL wearers with spherical correction were enrolled in a prospective single center study. At the baseline visit bulbar and limbal redness were measured objectively using the Oculus K5M Redness-Scan mode. Lens care type, comfort ratings and staining data was captured as well. Comfort after insertion, during the day as well as the end of day comfort was obtained using a 101 point visual analog scale. The comfort rating were averaged in this abstract. A wash out phase of 6 ± 1 days was conducted in which the subjects didn´t wear any lenses before Delefilcon A lenses were dispensed at visit 2 for a wearing period of 26 ± 5 days. A follow up visit was planned after 6 ± 1 days from V2 and a final visit after additional 20 ± 4 days. During visit 2, 3 and 4 the same objective measurements were carried out and corresponding subjective data was captured. Wilcoxon signed rank test and t-test for paired samples were used for the statistical analyses.



Results: 50 subjects completed the study. Following results, refer to the right eyes only.  Objectively measured bulbar redness decreased by 0.11 (p=0.012) from baseline in comparison to the final visit. In the same period limbal redness reduced by 0.20 (<0.001), corneal staining by 0.24 (p=0.014) and conjunctival staining by 0.16 (p=0.046). In contrast to the objective findings, subjective ratings increased. The averaged comfort rating with habitual lenses was 79.29, after the wash out phase with no lens wear 85.91, during the first follow up visit with Delefilcon A lenses 86.83 and at the final visit 89.12. 



Conclusion: 

Although the difference is small in context of our classic subjective grading habits, which uses fully grades in 1.0 steps, the Oculus K5M was able to detect fine graduated differences in the cohort of non-symptomatic wearers, which didn´t show high redness scores. Delefilcon A material delivers benefits to wearers in form of reduced bulbar and limbal redness, reduced corneal and conjunctival staining and increased wearing comfort.



Key words: bulbar redness, limbal redness, staining, soft contact lenses

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Jäger2020,

title = {Prospective Longitudinal-Study of the therapy of MGD-Patients using Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT)},

author = {Claudio Jäger and Sebastian Marx and Julia Eckstein and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Poster-AAO-2020-Claudio-Jager-englisch-2.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.28329.01128},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-07},

urldate = {2020-10-07},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry },

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary objective of this study was the assessment of dry eye related subjective and objective findings of MGD patients prior and after IPL and LLLT treatment.



Material and Methods: 38 subjects with diagnosed MGD were enrolled in a prospective single center study in an optometric practice based in Wil (Switzerland). All subjects underwent IPL / LLLT treatments every 14 days from baseline until four treatments were conducted. OSDI, BCVA, IOP, NIKBUT, osmolarity, lower lid margin appearance and meibography data was captured at baseline before the first IPL/ LLLT treatment and 14 days after the last treatment. Pre and post NIKBUT, osmolarity and OSDI data of the right and left eye was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon rang sum test for matched pairs.



Results: NIKBUT values increased not significantly OD from 9.5sec to 11sec (p = 0.498) and OS from 8sec to post IPL 12sec (p = 0.056). Osmolarity increased significantly OD from 322.21mOsm/L to 327.92mOsm/L (p = 0.006) and OS from 319.24mOsm/L to post 323.24mOsm/L (p = 0.097). OSDI score decreased significantly from 31.5 to 11 (p = <0.001). 26 of 38 subjects (68.4%) were satisfied or very satisfied by this new form of therapy whereas 12 subjects (31.6%) didn´t report a subjective change.



Conclusion: The combined IPL / LLLT therapy is a promising therapy form usable in optometric and ophthalmological practices. The majority of the subjects reported improvements which matches partly objective findings but osmolarity which didn´t decrease. Rooms temperature changes haven´t been controlled but could potentially influence osmolarity readings. Further studies should take this into account and could asses further IPL treatment combinations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2020c,

title = {Solution Related in Vitro Dewetting behavior of Different Soft Contact Lens Materials},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Julia Eckstein and Felix Zimmermann and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Poster-AAO-2020-Marx-et-al-Solution-Related-in-Vitro-Dewetting-behavior-of-Different-Soft-Contact-Lens-Materials-4.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15431.52645},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-07},

urldate = {2020-10-07},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry },

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: In vitro dewetting characteristics of different silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses were measured out of their specific blister solution using Non-Invasive Keratograph Drying-Up Time procedure to determine short-term dewetting characteristics. In vitro dewetting characteristic curves of same CL materials soaked in saline solution (control solution) and artificial tear solution (ATS) were measured to determine additional dewetting characteristics.



Materials: Non-Invasive Keratograph Drying-Up Time was measured for six different CL materials including Nelfilcon A, Delefilcon A, Senofilcon A, Stenfilcon A, Somofilcon A and Narafilcon A  out of their specific blister solution, out of saline and out of ATS. For soaking the lenses in saline or ATS, all lenses were rinsed with saline to remove blister solution. 20 lenses of each solution/ material combination were measured. In vitro dewetting behavior of these lenses over 180 seconds was determined and expressed by area under curve values (AUC).



Results: Fasted dewetting occurred for all materials when measured out of saline solution, indicated by the highest averaged AUC value over all lens materials of 9243,3 ± 38,3. Slower dewetting was detected for all materials when measured out of their specific blister solution 7755,9 ± 37,1 and out of ATS 7988,8 ± 40,0. Intra group results were statistically different (Kruskal-Wallis) with p<0,001 for saline and blister solution. Intra group differences were smaller for ATS but also statistically different p<0,05.



Conclusion: Pure saline solution leads to faster in vitro dewetting for all materials in comparison to their specific blister solution or ATS. In vitro dewetting experiments focused on saline only, may show bigger differences as present in reality. The use of ATS allows to decrease the gap between in vitro and in vivo measurements.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Fuchs2019,

title = {Inflammatory Enzyme MMP-9 in Tear Film of Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Luise Fuchs and Sebastian Schubert and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337008316_Inflammatory_Enzyme_MMP-9_in_Tear_Film_of_Contact_Lens_Wearers},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.34289.02404},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-25},

urldate = {2019-10-25},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Inflammation and CL wear is still under discussion. Especially the question which CL material and wearing modality leads to higher numbers of inflammation. Primary aim of this study was to measure if pro-inflammatory enzyme MMP-9 is found in the tear film of wearers of both material categories - soft and rigid contact lenses. The secondary objective was to asses if MMP-9 findings are present in subjects with and without dry eye symptoms.



Methods: An explorative matched study design was used to investigate the impact of soft and rigid materials in CL wearers regarding the MMP-9 findings. A total of 60 randomly selected contact lens wearers (30 wearers of soft contact lens vs. 30 wearers of rigid contact lenses) fullfilled the inclusion criteria. The distribution of gender and age groups were evenly matched in both groups. To determine the grade of signs and symptoms, a slit lamp investigation, a subjective Dry Eye Questionnaire (MCMONNIES) and a questionnaire about wearing behavior of the contact lenses and lifestyle habits of the subjects were evaluated. Finally, the presence of MMP-9 was examined in the tear film using a screening test (InflammaDry, Quidel Corporation). 



Results: 36.7% of MMP-9 tests were positive within the SCL group whereas 23.3% of all MMP-9 tests were positive in the RGP group. 31 subjects did not show signs and symptoms of dry eye. Within this subgroup 77.4% of InflammaDry-Tests were negative and 22.6% positive. Among the other 29 subjects at least minimal signs and symptoms were detected. InflammaDry results in this symptomatic subgroup were 37.9% positive and 62.1% negative. 



Conclusion: The results show that SCL wear leads to a 1.6x increased risk of positive MMP-9 findings. However, more than 20% of positive MMP-9 findings were not clinically relevant. This study cannot fully answer the question if CL wear can primarily increase the MMP-9 level, as side effects of contact lens wear may also contribute to an increased MMP-9 value. The work serves as the basis for further investigations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Kapfelsberger2019,

title = {Measurement of the UV and VIS transmittance of  soft contact lenses with & without UV-Blocker},

author = {Andrea Kapfelsberger and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Jürgen Bischoff},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/AAO-2019-Poster-final-print-version__NEU.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.10748.49283},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-25},

urldate = {2019-10-25},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary objective was to determine the UV- and VIS light transmittance of different soft, commercially available contact lenses with and without UV filters in respect to their BVP. Materials and 



Methods: 21 different lens brands were investigated in the BVP range of -12.00 D to +6.00 D in 1.00 D steps. Three contact lenses were measured per lens power 25 times. These were 339 contact lenses with UV-filter (Stenfilcon A, Somofilcon A, Narafilcon A, Seno-filcon A, Senofilcon C, Etafilcon A, Nesofilcon A) and 489 contact lenses without UV-filter (Dele-filcon A, Lotrafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B, Comfilcon A, Balafilcon A, Samfilcon A, Asmofilcon A, Nel-filcon A, Omafilcon A, Hilafilcon B, Ocufilcon D, Hioxifilcon A, Omafilcon B). The setup for the measurement of the spectral transmittance was created according to EN ISO 18369-3 and consisted of a 75W xenon lamp XH-100 (MÜLLER ELEKTRONIK), a grating spec-trometer SPECTRO 100 (INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS), a wett cell (JENVIS RESEARCH) and a integrating Ulbricht sphere which is necessary to eliminate the scattering or focusing effect of the contact lenses. 



Results: All 339 UV-absorbing test contact lenses meet at least UV protection class 2, i.e. they absorb more than 50 % UV-A radiation and more than 95 % UV-B radiation. The contact lenses made of Senofilcon A, Senofilcon C and Narafilcon A meet UV protection class 1 (absorption: UV-A > 90 %, UV-B > 99 %). A statistically significant difference in UV transmittance (280 to 380 nm) could be observed be-tween the test lenses of increased thickness (+1.00 D to +6.00 D) and the lenses of lower thick-ness (-1.00 D to -12.00 D), both without (p1=0.043) and with UV filter (p2=0.018). An additional post-hoc power analysis shows that the study reveals this difference with a probability of 41 % and 50.4 %, respectively. The comparison of the UV transmittance of contact lenses with UV filter within the minus lenses (-12.00 D to -1.00 D) and within the plus lenses (+6.00 D to +1.00 D) showed no statistically sig-nificant difference. 



Conclusion: With the ISO conform diopter-independent measurement setup it can be shown that all UV-absorbing test contact lenses meet the current international standards regardless of their BVP. It can be shown that lenses with increased center thickness absorb more UV light. Further studies may investigate differences regarding lens powers with minus lenses, which would require an aperture of the measurement setup larger than 6.0 mm in order to take a closer look to the UV absorption of the lenses in the complete corneal area.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2019b,

title = {A Novel in vivo Method to Assess Visual Performance during Dewetting Process of Soft Contact Lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Felix Zimmermann and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337534020_A_Novel_in_vivo_Method_to_Assess_Visual_Performance_during_Dewetting_Process_of_Soft_Contact_Lenses},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-24},

urldate = {2019-10-24},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To develop a novel in vivo method to assess visual performance (VP) during dewetting process of soft contact lenses and to simultaneously investigate the influence of the drying up behavior of the pre lens tear film (PLTF) on the VP for different optotype sizes. 



Methods: Oculus Keratograph 5M was modified with a microscreen to display Landolt-C optotypes and the dewetting characteristics of the PLTF could be simultaneously recorded using the in-built Non-Invasive Keratograph Dry Up Time (NIK-DUT) method. Thirty nine subjects were fitted with nelfilcon A lens material and the subjects underwent dewetting assessment while they responded to the orientation of Landolt-C using a remote controlled device. Recorded videos were analyzed to determine the elapsed time in seconds (Visual Acuity Drying Up Time; VADUT) and dewetted area in mm² (Visual Acuity Drying Up Area; VADUA) at visual loss of one and two log units below maximal distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA). Both VADUT and VADUA were analyzed at the time point after 8 hours of lens wear.



Results: After 13.5 ± 23.0 s and 20.2 ± 24.5 s (VADUT mean ± SD) participants lost one (DCVA+0.1logMAR) and two (DCVA+0.2logMAR) log units of DCVA that corresponded to a mean dewetting area of 5.25 ± 8.99 mm² and 11.17 ± 11.01 mm² (VADUA) of CL surface. VADUT and VADUA were statistically significantly different for one and two log units below DCVA with an alpha level of 0.05 (VADUT: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P = 0.145; VADUA: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P < 0.0001). 



Conclusions: A novel method to simultaneously determine visual performance and dewetting process of contact lens surface has been optimized. The novel VADU method uses a quantified visual loss of a predefined visual requirement based on the threshold definition of psychometric function to analyze the function of the tear film stability on the VP with contact lens. VP is impacted as a function of the amount of dewetted area of a CL surface and the elapsed time.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Zimmermann2019,

title = {Introducing a novel in vivo method to access visual performance during dewetting process of contact lens surface},

author = {Felix Zimmermann and Oliver Kolbe and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.bcla.org.uk/common/Uploaded%20files/Conference%20Materials/Free%20papers%20abstracts.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-30},

urldate = {2019-05-30},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association (BCLA)},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To introduce a novel in vivo method to access visual performance (VP) during dewetting process (Visual Acuity Dry Up; VADU) and investigate the influence of drying up behavior of pre lens tear film (PLTF) on VP for various visual requirements for a daily disposable contact lens (CL) (Nelfilcon A).



Methods: Thirty nine subjects were fitted with CL (Nelfilcon A). Dewetting characteristics of PLTF were recorded by using a modified multifunctional topographer (Keratograph 5M, OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, GERMANY) combined with Non-Invasive Keratograph Dry Up Time (NIK-DUT) method during the assessment of participants VP and blink suppression. Recorded videos were analyzed regarding elapsed time in s (Visual Acuity Drying Up Time; VADUT) and dewetted area in mm2 (Visual Acuity Drying Up Area; VADUA) at visual loss of one, two or three log units below maximal distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA).



Results: After 13.1s±17.4s, 20.83s±21.81s, 34.67s±29.11s (VADUT mean) participants lost one (DCVA+0.1logMAR), two (DCVA+0.2logMAR) or three (DCVA+0.3logMAR) log units of DCVA that corresponds to a mean dewetting area of 4.82mm²±6.64mm², 9.5mm²±8.26mm² and 13.0mm²± 8.68mm² (VADUA) of CL surface. All differences of VADUT und VADUA regarding the visual

requirements (one, two and three log units below DCVA) are statistically significant with an alpha level of 0.05 (VADUT: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P = 0.006, DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P < 0.0001, DCVA+0.2logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P = 0.001; VADUA: DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.2logMAR P < 0.0001, DCVA+0.1logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P < 0.0001, DCVA+0.2logMAR vs DCVA+0.3logMAR P = 0.31).



Conclusion: The novel VADU method uses a quantified visual loss of a predefined visual requirement based on the threshold definition of the psychometric function to analyze the function of PLTF on VP. VP is impacted as a function of the amount of dewetted area of a CL surface and elapsed time. The whole front surface of the cornea may affect the VP.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2019,

title = {Dewetting of different soft lens materials before and after stress test with lipid containing rewetting eye drops using Non-Invasive Keratograph Drying Up Time (NIK-DUT)},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Felix Zimmermann and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333866868_Dewetting_of_different_soft_lens_materials_before_and_after_stress_test_with_lipid_containing_rewetting_eye_drops_using_Non-Invasive_Keratograph_Drying_Up_Time_NIK-DUT



https://www.bcla.org.uk/common/Uploaded%20files/Conference%20Materials/Free%20papers%20abstracts.pdf



},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.13188.17287},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-30},

urldate = {2019-05-30},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association (BCLA)},

abstract = {Abstract



Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine differences between surface dewetting of SCL materials out of PBS before and after treatment with lipid containing rewetting drops in vitro using a modified corneal topographer K5M (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time [NIK-DUT]). 



Method and Materials: Fifteen lenses of different SCL material classes according to ISO18369 were tested (polymacon, nelfilcon A, ocufilcon D, balafilcon A, somofilcon A, lotrafilcon B). Lenses were rinsed and stored in PBS to minimize the effect of the original blister solution. Single dewetting videos per lens were captured with K5M. Afterwards all lenses were soaked in phospholipid containing rewetting solution for 25 hours. Lenses were gently shaken by an orbital shaker with a frequency of 15 times per minutes, tilting up to 15°. After treatment all lenses were equilibrated again in PBS for at least 30 minutes. Dewetting videos were captured again. In vitro NIK-DUT was determined for a measurement time of 180 s, expressed by Area under Curve (AUC) data. 



Results: The AUC results before and after treatment were: polymacon (4870.85 ± 942.74 and 6214.07 ± 932.09; t(14) = -3.959, p = 0.001), nelfilcon A (4688.03 ± 1065.14 and 6959.76 ± 1081.81; t(14) = -6.444, p < 0.001), ocufilcon D (3612.63 ± 875.51 and 7041.97 ± 714.26; t(14) = -11.294, p < 0.001), balafilcon A (4170.37 ± 927.19 and 7385.56 ± 879.84; t(14) = -10.798, p < 0.001), somofilcon A (4284.49 ± 833.80 and 6762.17 ± 1380.15; t(13) = -7.546, p < 0.001) and lotrafilcon B, comfilcon A (4973.30 ± 1249.25 and 7415.65 ± 994.79, t(14) = -12.565, p < 0.001). All differences were statistically significant at a significance level of 0.05. 



Conclusion: Lipid containing solutions interact with various SCL materials and lead to increased in vitro dewetting. Accelerated dewetting of lens surfaces may contribute to both, reduced comfort and vision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{vonAhrentschildt2018,

title = {Comparative study of two grading scales for the evaluation of IR-Meibography images of the upper and lower eyelid in terms of intra and interrater reliability},

author = {Anke von Ahrentschildt and Julia Wittekind and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Comparative-study-of-two-grading-scales-for-the-evaluation-of-IR-Meibography-images-of-the-upper-and-lower-eyelid-in-terms-of-intra-and-interrater-reliability.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

urldate = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Primary goal was to analyse the intra- an interrater reliability of a new illustrative grading scale by JENVIS RESEARCH which was developed in dependence on the MEIBOSCORE of ARITA et al. (2008) to categorise meibomian gland loss. Secondary goal was to do the same for the MEIBOSCORE and further to compare both scales with each other.



Material and Method: For this purpose, 48 trained practitioners independently graded a set of 80 images, 40 of the upper as well as the lower eyelid, with one of two grading scales in an online survey. This procedure was executed four times, twice with both grading scales. To avoid an interference between the evaluation cycles there was a wash out phase of 7 to 14 days and the images were presented in a randomised order. The classification was performed with the well-established grading scale by ARITA et al. (2008) and a new illustrative one by JENVIS RESEARCH in dependence on ARITA et al. (2008). An estimation regarding the level of interrater and intrarater reliability for the two grading scales was achieved using KAPPA statistics (IBM SPSS STATISTICS 22; MICROSOFT EXCEL 2016) and interpreted as followed: KAPPA-Values < 0 (no agreement), 0–0.2 (slight), 0.21–0.4 (fair), 0.41–0.6 (distinct), 0.61–0.8 (substantial), > 0.8 (almost perfect). For a repeated classification by one grader the KAPPA measures the intrarater reliability, whereas a classification by different graders measures the interrater reliability.



Results: At the end of the study the total database consisted of 15,360 individual gradings, 192 for every image. The median for the intrarater KAPPAs of the ARITA scale for all 48 participants is 0.57 (ø CI ± 0.14), which indicates a ‘distinct’ agreement. The values ranged from 0.24 to 0.77. For JENVIS the median is 0.67 (ø CI ± 0.13) and therefore shows a ‘substantial’ agreement with values ranging between 0.43 and 0.85. Furthermore, the intrarater KAPPA was calculated for the images of the upper and lower eyelid separately. The results are like those considering all meibography images (median upper lid: ARITA = 0.59; JENVIS = 0.72; median lower lid: ARITA = 0.56; JENVIS = 0.63) The interrater reliability was calculated with the FLEISS-KAPPA and is 0.43 (95 %-CI: 0.28–0.58) for the ARITA scale and 0.52 (95 %-CI: 0.38–0.67) for the JENVIS scale. Both demonstrate a ‘distinct’ agreement between the classifications of all graders considering all meibography images as well as considering images of the upper and lower eyelid independently (upper lid: ARITA 0.56 [0.4–0.73], JENVIS 0.66 [0.38–0.71]; lower lid: ARITA 0.54 [0.38–0.71], JENVIS 0.59 [0.43–0.75]). All the specified results are statistically significant with a p-value < 0.01.



Conclusion: Both grading scales show a high degree of agreement concerning the repeatability (intrarater reliability) as well as the classification by different graders (interrater reliability). Especially the intrarater reliability was improved employing the illustrative scale by JENVIS RESEARCH. Illustrative scales may be beneficial to practitioners to classify meibomian gland dropout.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2018,

title = {Degree of Maibomian Gland Tortuosity in Successful Soft Contact Lens Wearers and Dropouts},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Justin Kwan and Lisa A. Jones-Jordan and Daniel Powell and Sruthi Srinivasan and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Lyndon Jones and Andrew Pucker 

},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Degree-of-Maibomian-Gland-Tortuosity-in-Successful-Soft-Contact-Lens-Wearers-and-Dropouts.pdf},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15911.80803},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

urldate = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The etiology of MG tortuosity (deviated glands) is unknown, but it may be caused by chronic terminal duct obstruction or by genetic predisposition. The purpose of this study was to determine if MG tortuosity impacts successful contact lens (CL) wear and if the degree of tortuosity was associated with other signs or symptoms of ocular dryness.



Methods: This five-site case-control study recruited subjects between 18 and 45 years of age. Cases had ceased CL use within the past 6-12 months due to discomfort, while age- and sex-matched controls were able to comfortably wear CLs for ≥8 hours/day for ≥5 days/week. Each subject was administered a study-specific CL questionnaire and a SPEED questionnaire. Clinical testing included non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), MG expressibility, meibum quality, and meibography (OCULUS Keratograph 5M). MG tortuosity for each eyelid was graded using the 5-point Halleran scale (Grade 0: no tortuosity; Grade 4: ≥75% of visible MG being tortuous). Worse eyes (determined by worse eye for tortuosity) comparisons were made with paired t-tests (means) or McNemar’s test (frequencies).



Result: 56 matched-pairs were recruited across sites. The mean ± SD age of the cases (28.5 ± 7.1 years) and controls (28.6 ± 7.0 years) were not significantly different (p = 0.66). MG tortuosity in control subjects with grade 2 or higher tortuosity was seen in 50% of the upper eyelid and 20% in the lower eyelid. The same intensity of MG tortuosity in dropout subjects was detected in 62% of the upper eyelid and 9% in the lower eyelid. The cases had significantly higher SPEED scores than the controls (6.42 ± 4.96 vs. 2.62 ± 2.66; p < 0.001). Cases did not have significantly higher upper (2.13 ± 1.09 vs. 1.80 ± 0.96; p = 0.07), lower (0.82 ± 0.64 vs. 1.00 ± 0.74; p = 0.12) or total (2.97 ± 1.30 vs. 2.80 ± 1.29; p = 0.39) eyelid tortuosity scores than controls. Tortuosity was significantly associated with TMH (p = 0.02), MG expressibility of upper (p = 0.03) and lower eyelids (p = 0.01) but not SPEED, NITBUT, meibum quality, or MG atrophy (all p ≥ 0.14).



Conclusion: At least some degree of MG tortuosity was commonly noted in both groups of subjects in the upper and lower eyelids. While tortuosity may not be a risk factor for CL dropout, tortuosity is potentially a sign of decreased MG health. Tortuosity may result in altered tear lipid production, which could result in the decreased meibum expressibility and reduced tear volume noted in this study.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2018b,

title = {Maintance of pre-lens tear film stability and daily comfort with EOBO-containing lens and lens care regimen throughout 30 days of lens wear},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Mary Fahmy and Jessie Lemp-Hull

},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Maintance-of-pre-lens-tear-film-stability-and-daily-comfort-with-EOBO-containing-lens-and-lens-care-regimen-throughout-30-days-of-lens-wear.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

urldate = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Lievens2018,

title = {Minimal Cholesterol Extraction and Maintance of Pre-Lens Tear Film Stability Associated with an EOBO-Containing Lens and Lens Care Regimen},

author = {Christopher Lievens and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Stefan Schwarz and Amanda Shows and Jessi Lemp 

},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Minimal-Cholesterol-Extraction-and-Maintance-of-Pre-Lens-Tear-Film-Stability-Associated-with-an-EOBO-Containing-Lens-and-Lens-Care-Regimen.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

urldate = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Pertzsch2018,

title = {Short Dry Eye Screening Questionnaire (JDEQS) in comparison with the established OSDI questionnaire},

author = {Julia Pertzsch and Julia Wittekind and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger

},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/AAO-2018-Short-Dry-Eye-Screening-Questionnaire-JDEQS-in-comparison-with-the-established-OSDI-questionnaire.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-09},

urldate = {2018-11-09},

organization = {Conference: Academy 2018 San Antonio - American Academy of Optometry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Redfern2018,

title = {Ex Vivo Analysis of Lipid Deposition with Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses and EOBO-Based Lens Care Solutions},

author = {Rachel L. Redfern and Jason J. Nichols and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Jennifer S. Fogt and Marc Schulze and Christopher Lievens and Loretta Szczotka-Flynn and Stefan Schwarz and Amanda Shows and

Jessie Lemp-Hull

},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ARVO-2018-ExVivoAnalysisofLipidDepositionwithSiHyCLandEOBOBasedLensCareSolutions-4.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-29},

urldate = {2018-04-29},

address = {ARVO},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose : To compare the cholesterol deposition profile of a regimen of lotrafilcon B lenses packaged in blister solution containing the EOBO (polyoxyethylene-polyoxybutylene) wetting agent (AIR OPTIX plus HydraGlyde, AOHG) and lens care solutions formulated with EOBO (OPTI-FREE PureMoist, OFPM or CLEAR CARE PLUS, CCP) with a regimen of marketed silicone hydrogel (SiHy) lenses and marketed multipurpose solutions (MPS) that do not contain EOBO.



Methods : Adult, habitual SiHy lens wearers and habitual MPS users participated in a multi-center, prospective, stratified, controlled, parallel-group, masked study. Subjects (n=252) were randomized to wear either AOHG or habitual SiHy lenses (Acuvue Oasys, Acuvue Vita, Biofinity, or Ultra) daily for 30 (+3) days. Subjects in the AOHG lens group were further randomized to use either OFPM or CCP to care for their lenses. Lenses were replaced according to the manufacturer recommendation for each lens material. Subjects assigned to habitual SiHy lenses continued to use their habitual multipurpose solution (HMPS). Lenses (n=20 to 28 per regimen) were collected for assessment of total cholesterol uptake. Cholesterol sorption was measured using a fluorometric enzymatic assay as previously described (Nash et al, E&CL 2014).



Results : AOHG/CCP regimen demonstrated significantly less cholesterol uptake (median = 0.30 µg) than the following regimens: Biofinity/HMPS (median = 1.55 µg), Vita/HMPS (median = 4.20 µg), Ultra/HMPS (median = 1.90 mg) and Oasys/HMPS (median = 1.55 mg), (p < 0.0001 for all). Likewise, the AOHG/OFPM regimen had significantly less cholesterol uptake (median = 0.10 µg) than all habitual lens and solution regimens (p < 0.0001 for all).



Conclusions : The AOHG/CCP and AOHG/OFPM regimens resulted in less cholesterol sorption than each of the habitual SiHy/MPS regimens (p < 0.0001). Further research is necessary to understand the impact of cholesterol deposition on patient clinical outcomes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2016,

title = {Wettability of different silicone hydrogel lens materials and blister solutions measured using non-invasive keratographic drying up time (NIK-DUT)},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/AAO-2016-Poster-Marx-Wettability-of-different-silicone-hydrogel-lens-materials.pdf},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-09},

urldate = {2016-11-09},

number = {165113},

address = { Anaheim},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine differences between the surface wettability of silicon hydrogel (SiHy) lens materials and blister pack solutions measured in vitro using a modified corneal topographer (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time [NIK-DUT]). 



Method and Materials: 20 lenses each of the following commercially available SiHy materials and blister solutions were tested: senofilcon A, comfilcon A, samfilcon A, lotrafilcon B/copolymer 845, lotrafilcon B copolymer 845+EOBO-41. The NIK-DUT video was captured with a modified Oculus Keratograph 5M. The NIK-DUT was determined by evaluation of the reflected placido-ring image during a measurement time of 180 sec by a trained investigator. The focus was on the measurement of the area under the curve (AUC, cumulative dry-up over 180 seconds) and the determination of the time point derived when 25% of the entire measurement segments showed dry-up during the measuring time (NIK-DUT_S25). Based on asymptotic, not normally distributed data, the Kruskal Wallis test was conducted to determine effect of lens material/blister solution (alpha 0.05). 



Results: The AUC results were as follows: 9463% comfilcon A, 7964% samfilcon A, 7033% senofilcon A, 5592% lotrafilcon B/copolymer 845 and 4680% for lotrafilcon B/ copolymer 845+EOBO-41 and were statistically significantly different, p = 0.001. NIK-DUT_S25 comparison showed the following order: 72sec comfilcon A, 79sec samfilcon A, 93sec lotrafilcon B/copolymer 845, 96sec senofilcon A and 123sec for lotrafilcon B copolymer 845+EOBO-41. 



Conclusion: There are significant differences between the wettability performances of different lens materials measured directly out of the packaging solution. Within lotrafilcon B lenses, the EOBO-41 maintained the wettability of the lens surface longer. Blister solutions containing specifically designed agents to improve lens surface wettability may bring benefits like improved comfort and vision to the contact lens wearer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2016b,

title = {Comparison of Pre Lens Tear Film Stability of Nelfilcon A with Different Optical Designs Using Placido Ring Projection},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Cecile Maissa and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/GLSL2016_Marx_Dailies_Pre_lens_tear_film_POS.pdf},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-21},

urldate = {2016-01-21},

address = {Las Vegas},

organization = {Global Specialty Lens Symposium},

abstract = {Abstract



Purposes: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pre lens tear film characteristics of nelfilcon A daily disposable contact lenses with either toric or multifocal design compared to nelfilcon A daily disposable lenses with a spherical design over 12 hours of lens wear. A further objective of the study was to evaluate the day-to-day and inter-subject variability of tear film characteristics assessed using the Oculus K5 imaging system. 



Method: 48 adult soft contact lens wearers, aged 18 years and over, including 24 presbyopes, were enrolled. Three single test days/periods with a wash out phase of at least 48hours were planned for each subject. The subjects wore either the spherical nelfilcon A design or the specialized toric or multifocal design at test period one according to their group and on test period two vice versa in a randomized order. At test period three all subjects wear the spherical nelfilcon A design. Tear film videos using the K5 Oculus-Imaging Live Mode with projected ring mires onto the lens surface were taken after three different time points post contact lens insertion (5min, 8hrs and 12hrs) to determine pre-lens tear film stability. 



Results: The results showed that, for either population, the specialized designs did not adversely affect the on eye wettability: i. in presbyopes, the overall relative risk (RR) of a Grade 2 or 3 surface wettability between nelfilcon A multifocal and nelfilcon A sphere after 12 hours of wear was 1.06, and the lower limit (0.96) of 95% CI of overall RR was ≤1. In astigmats, the overall relative risk (RR) of a Grade 2 or 3 surface wettability between the toric and spherical design after 12 hours of wear was 0.90, and the lower limit (0.79) of 95% CI of overall RR was ≤1. 



Conclusion: The study established the inter- as well as intra-subject variation of the tear film characteristics measurements over 25 sec post blink using this method. The surface wettability of nelfilcon A multifocal and toric daily disposable contact lenses was shown to be at least as good as that of the spherical design after 12 hrs of lens wear, demonstrating that the wettability was not affected by the optical design of the lens.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Maissa2015,

title = {Variability of Pre Ocular and Pre Lens Tear Film Stability Assessed Subjectively and Objectively Using Placido Ring Projection},

author = {Cecile Maissa and Sebastian Marx and Julia Wittekind and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/variability-pre-ocular-and-pre-lens-tear-film-stability-assessed-subjectively-and-objectively-using



https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/1281-AAOpt-Maissa-10-05-15_CM.pdf},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-10-09},

urldate = {2015-10-09},

number = {155699},

address = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The objective of the study was to characterize the tear film (TF) stability over 12 hours of nelfilcon A daily disposable contact lens wear and evaluate its day-to-day and inter-subject variability.



Methods: 48 adapted soft contact lens wearers aged 18 years and over, including 24 presbyopes, were enrolled. Each subject attended two 12-h wear periods of nelfilcon A daily disposable contact lenses. During each period of wear, TF videos using the K5 Oculus-Imaging Live Mode and Ring Mire System projected onto the ocular surface were recorded before contact lens insertion (POTF) and at three different time points post contact lens insertion (PLTF) (5 m, 8 h, and 12 h post insertion). The TF characteristics were measured subjectively in terms of surface wettability grading and break up time and semi-objectively in terms of area under the curve (AUC) of % distortion with time, maximum % distortion over 25 s post blink, and % distortion at 5 s and 10 sec post blink.



Results: The results showed differences in tear film characteristics between the POTF and PLTF situations; the time to first distortion decreased by 18% to ~50% in the presence of a contact lens. The maximum % distortion recorded over 25 s post blink increased from an average of 10-15% for the POTF to 26-36% at 5 m, 8 h, and 12 h post lens insertion. Within each testing condition (POTF & PLTF) the inter-subject variability, expressed as the coefficient of variation, ranged from 48-69% for the time to first distortion and 65-170% for the maximum % distortion. The day-to-day variability was also calculated (Time to first distortion Mean Diff: -1.20 to 1.15 s).



Conclusion: The study established the inter- as well as intra-subject variation of subjective and semi-objective measurements of the TF characteristics over 25 s post blink using this method. The new objective endpoints used provided valuable insight as to TF kinetics during the interblink period in the presence or absence of a contact lens.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Müller2015,

title = {Subjective Comparison of Pre-Lens Tear Film Stability of Daily Disposable Contact Lenses Using Modern Video Topography},

author = {Christiane Müller and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Poster_EAOO_JenVis_final.pdf},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-05-14},

urldate = {2015-05-14},

booktitle = {Programme and Abstracts - Budapest 2015},

number = {28},

pages = {139},

organization = {European Academy of Optometry and Optics},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo tear film stability of three different daily disposable contact lenses (DDCLs) using the ring mire projection of the Keratograph 5M (Oculus) after five minutes, eight hours, and 12 hours of wear. 



Methods: Three DDCLs (nelfilcon A, etafilcon A, omafilcon A) were tested on 28 subjects in a prospective, randomised, observer masked cross-over study. From the video recordings, the pre-lens non-invasive keratopgraph-drying-up time (PL NIK-DUT) was determined subjective and the surface wettability graded (0=no visible distortions to 3=distortions in >1/3 of the ring reflection zone) at five, ten, 15, 20 and 25 seconds post-blink after five minutes, eight hours and 12 hours of wear. Medians of PL NIK-DUTs and wettability values of three observers were analysed statistically.



Results: Whereas the PL NIK-DUT was not statistically significantly different between lenses (five min nelfilcon A:4.75±5.36 sec, etafilcon A:5.38±4.50 sec, omafilcon A:6.68±5.00 sec p=0.626; 8 hrs nelfilcon A:5.28±5.71 sec, etafilcon A:3.46±4.52 sec, omafilcon A:4.93±6.34 sec p=0.292; 12 hrs nelfilcon A:5.50±5.43 sec, etafilcon A:4.66± 6.0 sec, omafilcon A:5.85±5.73 sec p=0.614), the subjective wettability grades showed significant differences after 12 hrs with 1.24±1.17 sec for nelfilcon A, 1.43±1.20 sec for etafilcon A and 1.21±1.19 sec for omafilcon A (p=0.001; Kruskal-Wallis-Test). 



Conclusion: The study showed that the method is suitable to evaluate in vivo pre lens tear film stability. From the results, it may be concluded that lens materials with release wetting agents and biocompatible materials can have a positive impact on the patient’s lens wearing experience after 12 hours of wear.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2015,

title = {Subjective pre-lens tear film stability of daily disposable contact lenses using ring mire projection},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Christiane Müller and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048414002355},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2014.11.096},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-02-01},

urldate = {2015-02-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2014},

volume = {38},

pages = {e5},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To analyse cross-sectional area (LA) and height of LIPCOF (LH) using a Scheimpflug camera and to evaluate LIPCOF impact on para-central tear meniscus (TM).



Method: Temporal and nasal LIPCOF of 20 subjects (female: 15; median age: 39.4 years) were observed by a slit lamp microscope. A cross-sectional area (LA) and LIPCOF height (LH) was measured using a modified Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) at normal eye position, in upward gaze and downward gaze. Para-central TM disruption was analysed by TM fluorescence (TMF). TMF was defined by fluorescence intensity, height and regularity of TM, classified by a 5 grade pictorial scale. 



Results: Median temporal LA were 0 m2, 18,867 m2, 52,935 m2, 77,175 m2 (ordered by temporal LIPCOF scores 0–3) and median nasal LA were 4193 m2, 16,378 m2, 57,914 m2, 195,099 m2 (ordered by nasal LIPCOF scores). Median temporal LH were 0 m, 340 m, 410 m, 530 m and median nasal LH were 109 m, 316 m, 614 m, 580 m (ordered by temporal and nasal LIPCOF). Temporal LA was significantly correlated to temporal LIPCOF scores (Spearman rank; r = 0.707, p < 0001), nasal LA was significantly correlated to nasal LIPCOF scores (r = 0.517, p < 0.001). Temporal and nasal LH were significantly correlated to temporal LIPCOF scores (r = 0.700, p < 0001) and nasal LIPCOF scores (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). LH significantly decreased in upwards gaze (ANOVA repeated measurements; p = 0.001) but was unaltered in downward gaze (p = 0.249). In contrast LA was not different between eye positions (p = 0.535). LIPCOF scores, LA and LH were significantly correlated to TMF (temporal: r > 0.731, p < 0.001; nasal: r = 0.609, p < 0.001).



Conclusion: The significant correlations between LA and LH and LIPCOF scores may indicate the usefulness of a modified Scheimpflug camera in the evaluation of LIPCOF. Para-central TM is significantly impacted by LIPCOF. Therefore evaluation of TM volume may be misleading in increased LIPCOF. LH but not LA changed in upward gaze but both were unaltered in downward gaze.},

howpublished = {Poster},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Srinivasan2014,

title = {Meibomian Gland Atrophy Rate in Pre-presbyopic Contact Lens and Non-Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Sruthi Srinivasan and Andrew D. Pucker and Lisa A. Jones-Jordan and Wing Li and Justin T. Kwan and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx and Meng C. Lin and Lyndon W. Jones},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/meibomian-gland-atrophy-rate-pre-presbyopic-contact-lens-and-non-contact-lens-wearers},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-15},

urldate = {2014-11-15},

number = {140081},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine the rate of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy in a matched-pair sample of contact lens (CL) and non-contact-lens (NCL) wearers.



Methods: CL wearers with a minimum of five years of CL use and NCL wearers who were age- and gender-matched were recruited across five study sites from three countries (USA, Canada and Germany). Lower and upper eyelids of all participants were everted and MGs were imaged using the Keratograph 5M infrared camera (OCULUS). MG atrophy (percent) was determined by analyzing the mean gland loss of the upper and lower eyelids in the most affected eye. Digital analyses of the images were conducted using ImageJ software. General linear regression models were used to determine MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers to account for the matched design.



Results:A total of 118 participants were included in the analysis. Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 yrs; 41F and 18M pairs were collected. Mean MG atrophy in the CL group was 25.8% and 24.0% in the NCL group (p=0.41). Neither age (p=0.39) nor gender (p=0.43) was significantly associated with MG atrophy in this cohort. No significant differences were found for different age groups (<20, 20-24, 25-29, 30+ years; p= 0.40). There was a 0.19 % increase per year in MG atrophy in CL wearers compared with a 0.003% increase per year in NCL wearers. Number of years of CL wear was also not significantly associated with MG atrophy (p=0.50).



Conclusions: MG atrophy rates in CL and NCL wearers were similar in this cohort of pre-presbyopic participants. It was also noted that age, gender and years of CL wear were not associated with MG atrophy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Pucker2014,

title = {Factors Associated with Meibomian Gland Atrophy in Daily Contact Lens Wearers},

author = {Andrew Pucker and Lisa Jones-Jordan and Wing Li and Justin Kwan and Meng Lin and Wolfgang Sickenberger and Sebastian Marx and Sruthi Srinivasan and Lyndon Jones},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/factors-associated-meibomian-gland-atrophy-daily-contact-lens-wearers},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-15},

urldate = {2014-11-15},

number = {140082},

address = {New Orleans},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine factors associated with contact lens related meibomian gland atrophy in a matched pair sample.



Methods: Contact lens wearers (case) and age- and gender-matched non-contact lens wearers with no significant history of contact lens use (control) were recruited across five study sites in three countries. All subjects were administered an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear osmolarity, lid wiper epitheliopathy, lid parallel conjunctival folds, line of Marx, conjunctival staining, upper eyelid meibomian gland expressibility, Schirmer’s test, and meibomian gland atrophy were assessed. Univariate conditional logistic regression was then used to determine relationships between meibomian gland atrophy and clinical signs and symptoms.



Results: Subjects included 118 adults (59 matched pairs). Mean ± SD age was 28.4 ± 9.9 years; 69% of the subjects were female. No significant associations were found between meibomian gland atrophy and the following variables: OSDI (P = 0.55), tear meniscus height (P = 0.85), non-invasive tear break-up time (P = 0.58), tear osmolarity (P = 0.56), lid wiper epitheliopathy (P = 0.34), lid parallel conjunctival folds (P = 0.42), line of Marx (P = 0.32), conjunctival staining (P = 0.36), Schirmer’s test (P = 0.05), and meibomian gland expressibility (P = 0.81). Unpaired analysis comparing subject age and meibomian gland atrophy also found no association.



Conclusions: These data indicate that there are no significant differences between contact lens wearers and non-contact lens wearers in this cohort of relatively young lens wearers, when comparing meibomian gland atrophy to clinical dry eye signs and symptoms. No association between meibomian gland atrophy and age was found, which is in contrast to past studies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2014,

title = {Subjective performance of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Stefan Schwarz and Mary Fahmy and Jami Kern and Cecile Maissa},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Subjective-performance-of-hydrogel-and-silicone-hydrogel-AAO-POSTER-2014-1.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/subjective-performance-hydrogel-and-silicone-hydrogel-daily-disposable-contact-lenses},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

urldate = {2014-11-14},

number = {145191},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate subjective performance of DAILIES® AquaComfort Plus™  (nelfilcon  A  with  69%  water  content  and  a  blink-activated  moisture  system; Alcon  Laboratories,  Inc.)  and  Clariti™  1-day  (Alcon  II-3  with  56% water  content;  Saufon Pharmaceuticals) in a population of daily disposable (DD) contact lens wearers



Methods: In a subject-masked multi-center cross-over study, current DD wearers (n=316) wore the test (nelfilcon A) or control (filcon II-3) lenses bilaterally for 1 week each, in a randomized order.The subjective performance was recorded in terms of subjective ratings and preferences for comfort, dryness, vision, handling, overall satisfaction/overall preference and purchase intent.The subjects rated their subjective responses on a 1-10 point scale (1=poor/very dry/difficult, 10=excellent/not dry/easy).



Results: 316 subjects, all habitual wearers of spherical DD lenses, were enrolled at twenty two (22) sites (6 UK sites 16 German sites), 310 completed the study. After 1 week of wear, the performance of the test lenses was unsurpassed for all subjective ratings of comfort, dryness, handling, and vision compared to the control lenses. In addition, comfort during the day was significantly superior for the test lens compared to the control lens (8.0 v 7.6; <0.001). The test lenses were also shown to be superior to the control lenses for dryness throughout the day (7.7 v 7.3), handling at removal (8.0 v 7.5), all vision ratings (quality of vision during the day: 8.5 v 7.5 , quality of vision at night: 8.1 v 7.2, consistency of vision throughout the day: 8.1 v 7.2, consistency of vision at night: 8.0 v 7.3, consistency of vision from day to day: 8.6 v 8.0, and overall vision quality: 8.3 v 7.4) and overall lens satisfaction (7.8 v 6.9 p<0.001). Finally, among subjects with a preference, the test lenses were preferred for comfort during the day, comfort at the end of the day, overall comfort, overall vision, overall preference, and purchase intent (p<0.001 to 0.006).



Conclusion:The two DD lenses were well accepted, with the nelfilcon A lenses showing superior daytime comfort, handling at removal, overall lens satisfaction and all vision ratings and less dryness throughout the day when compared with the filcon II-3 lenses after one week of wear.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2014,

title = {Development and Evaluation of a novel Tool to measure the pupillary and contact lens decentration},

author = {Sebastian Schubert and Mario Rehnert and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2014-SS-Development-and-Evaluation-of-a-novel-to.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/development-and-evaluation-novel-tool-measure-pupillary-and-contact-lens-decentration},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

urldate = {2014-11-14},

number = {145227},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To develop a novel tool to measure the difference between the corneal and the pupillary center as well as difference between the pupillary and the contact lens center based on a photograph of the anterior eye captured with a conventional slit lamp.



Methods: The novel tool to measure the distances was developed as a double-triangle. To evaluate the center of the pupillary, the cornea or the CL, a photograph of the eye was taken with a conventional video slit lamp. Then, the double-triangle was masked on the photograph of the eye. To find the position at least three of four edges of the triangle must touch the edge of the pupillary, the cornea and the CL. To determine the difference between the centers, the distance between the triangle centers were measured. To evaluate the tool a prospective study by means of a conventional video slit lamp and a SIRIUS - 3D Rotating Scheimpflug Camera & Topography System (bon optic) in 20 subjects (50% male; aged (54.9±6.3 years with a range of (45 to 71) years) was conducted. The differences between the pupillary center and the corneal vertex were measured with both devices.



Results: The pupillary decentration by means of the novel tool was measured by OD -0.24±0.13mm and OS -0.33±0.14mm and by means of the Rotating Scheimpflug Camera by OD -0.18±0.11mm und OS -0.21±0.12mm. Comparing both methods the mean differences were OD 0.06±0.02mm and OS 0.12±0.02mm.



Conclusion: The novel measuring tool combines the advantages of the conventional graticule and software based analyzing tools like modern video topographer. Especially for fitting simultaneous contact lenses, the difference between the CL center and pupillary center can be visualized and measured easily. Furthermore, the tool could be used for similar tasks, e.g. measuring intra ocular lens decentration.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Blaurock2017,

title = {Standard values of the central corneal curvature and eccentricity in healthy Caucasian eyes: a retrospective study },

author = {Claudia Blaurock and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/standard-values-central-corneal-curvature-and-eccentricity-healthy-caucasian-eyes-retrospective},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-14},

urldate = {2014-11-14},

number = {145226},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: Corneal curvature (cc) and eccentricity is a standard method to describe the topography of the eye. The cc has an impact on the measurements of the dynamic contour tonometry. The values of the cc are fundamentally important for all kind of refractive surgery and IOL power calculation. Curvature changes are associated with a large number of corneal diseases and contact lens wearing. The purpose of the study was to evaluate standard values of the central corneal curvature and the 30-degree eccentricity (Ecc).



Methods: The central corneal radii (flattest K1 and steepest K2) and the eccentricity within 30deg were measured by means of the multifunctional topographer (Keratograph 4 Oculus, Germany). After applying the exclusion criteria and outlier labeling 4,360 right and 4,308 left eyes of 4,505 healthy Caucasian subjects were analyzed. The subjects were aged between 0-113years (mean 36.23±16.89 years). If there were more than one value for each eye available the average was calculated. Gender distribution shows 39.4% males. Differences between male and female as well as between the right and the left eye were analyzed (Shapiro-Wilk test, correlation between cc and age by means of Pearsons r).



Results: The mean corneal radii at 30deg are 43.03±1.50dpt and 44.08±1,57dpt for the K1 and the K2, respectively. The data shows a statistically significant difference between males and females (t-test, p= 0.000; K1/ K2: male 42.68±1.53dpt/ 43.68±1.58dpt, female 43.27±1.46dpt/ 44.34±1.52dpt). The mean corneal eccentricity at 30deg was 0.55±0.10. For none of the analyzed data a correlation to the age was found (K1 p=0.005; K2 p=-0.033; Ecc p=-0.026).



Conclusion: The mean cc and the eccentricity at 30deg provided by a multifunctional topographer are related to the reported average values for Caucasian subjects. The central corneal radius is lager in males than in females. The same ratios were found for the eccentricity at 30 deg. The values of the cc are relevant for the calculation of contact lenses, dynamic counter tonometry and corneal surgery. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Amthor2014,

title = {Study to measure the tear film stabilisation and possible reduction of subjective symptoms by application of lipid-containing lubricants},

author = {Bianca Amthor and Sebastian Marx and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2014-Study-to-measure-the-tear-film-stabilisation-and-possible-reduction-of-subjective-symptoms-by-application-of-lipid-containing-lubricants-BA-SM.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/study-measure-tear-film-stabilisation-and-possible-reduction-subjective-symptoms-application-lipid},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

urldate = {2014-11-13},

number = {145022},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to investigate if the application of lipid-containing lubricants can have a positive effect on the stabilisation of the tear film.  Furthermore, the consistency between patients perception and stabilisation of the tear film were evaluated.



Methods: The study involved 24 patients (n = 24; with an average age of 59 +/-9 years; 66.7 % female and 33.3 % male patients). Quality and quantity tear film tests to the right eye were performed by using the K5M (Videokeratograph, Oculus) and a slit lamp (SL120, Zeiss). On each appointment a questionnaire was completed by the patient. Three appointments at a distance between 12-16 days were performed apart and the distribution of lubricants was random.



Results: The results of the NIK-BUT-measurement were normally distributed and there was no significant difference between the lubricants. An impact of both lubricant compounds has been demonstrated, it applies to both short term and long term effects. For the first group of subjects the NIK-BUT values for the baseline take place at 11.9 +/- 4.9 seconds. At the final test the NIK-BUT is 14.1 +/- 5.5 seconds. For the second group of subjects the NIK-BUT values take place to 10.4 +/- 6.1 seconds at the baseline test and for the finish test they take place at 14.3 +/-6.3 seconds.

There was a huge discrepancy between NIK-BUT-classifications and the OSDI-scores. For the tear meniscus height and OSDI-score no consistency could be demonstrated.



Conclusions: Lipid-containing lubricants lead a stabilisation of the tear film, regardless of their form of application.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2014,

title = {Prospective Study to compare two different Kinds of Illuminations by Measuring the Non-Invasive Tear Film Break-Up Time by Means of a Video Topographer},

author = {Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-compare-two-different-kinds-illuminations-measuring-non-invasive-tear-film-break},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

urldate = {2014-11-13},

number = {145029},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To determine differences between two different illuminations, white light and infrared, which are available when measuring the non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIK-BUT) using a novel video topographer. 



Methods: A single-center, three-visit, randomized, prospective study evaluating the NIK-BUT measured by means of an objective analyzing software of the video topographer was conducted in 37 subjects (56% male; aged (31.5+/-10.3)years (19-65 years). The NIK-BUT was measured on both eyes in randomized order with white (W) and infrared (IR) illumination, consecutively three times at each visit and at the same daytime under standardized conditions. To compare these illuminations both available BUT values, first BUT (FBUT) and average BUT (AvgBUT), as well as measurement time and the maximal area of the tear film break-up (represented by the weighted amount of affected segments) were analyzed. To determine inter-group comparisons, a two-tailed t-test was conducted.



Results: The white illumination (467 measurements) shows the average FBUT at (6.44+/-5.34)sec and AvgBUT at (9.55+/-5.48)sec. The measurement time was on average (18.04+/-6.86)sec and the maximal area was (2.6+/-3.5)segments. With infrared (374 measurements) the average FBUT was determined at (6.25+/-4.59)sec, AvgBUT at (8.78+/-4.78)sec. The measurement time was on average (18.18+/-6.90)sec and the maximal area was (2.7+/-3.7)segments. There were no statistically significant differences between white and infrared illumination in each measured variable (FBUT p=0.959; AvgBUT p=0,160; measurement time p=0.998; maximal area 0.360; two-tailed t-test).



Conclusions: There are no significant differences between both available illuminations when measuring the NIK-BUT with the K5 video topographer (Oculus). Therefore the investigator is independent in choosing the illumination. Only the patient preferences and conditions may affect this choice. Additionally, both kinds of measurements are assignable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Henker2014,

title = {Development of a new display based testing method for the measurement of the dynamic visual acuity (DVA)},

author = {Eric Henker and Oliver Kolbe and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/development-new-display-based-testing-method-measurement-dynamic-visual-acuity-dva

https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster-AAO_DVA_2_klein.pdf},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-11-13},

urldate = {2014-11-13},

number = {145159},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The dynamic visual acuity (DVA) defines the ability to detect details in moving objects. Available digital testing devices suffer from a poor display performance, such as motion blur and afterimages. Considering the technological progress of visual display units a new, standardized testing method for the measurement of the DVA should be achieved. 



Methods: A market analysis and a feasibility analysis clarified if the display performance of modern VDUs last the demands of a reliable test. Different possibilities of the presentation of optotypes were tested experimentally, several coding languages compared.  



Results: Presenting moving objects in an acceptable display performance is realizable with the Foris FG2421 (Eizo) display unit (23.5”) using the 240 Hz turbo mode. A refresh rate of 120 Hz combined with blinking backlight (240 Hz turbo mode) guarantees great motion clarity and not notable afterimages. The foundation for a standardized test procedure was developed based on the testing method for the static visual acuity. Five moving optotypes (Landolt C) are presented on a sphere for each velocity level and size for a fixed presentation time of each 2 seconds. The starting point, the direction of movement (clockwise, counterclockwise) as well as the gap of the Landolt C is randomized. The test is measuring in the range of the smooth pursuit eye movements. The test scenarios are programmed with Flash CS 6 and transformed into single video clips. The field of view is limited by the screen size, display resolution and computer performance. 



Conclusions: Due to the technological progress DVA measurements could be realized using VDUs. The new standardized testing method needs to be enhanced. Further studies should determine defined velocities and sizes of the moving objects. The test should be recoded in C++ to minimize the randomization and presentation effort and to lower the required computer performance. A validation study should be run as well as new technologies (4K, HDMI 2.0) observed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Höffel2013,

title = {Experimental study to assess the influence of air draught on the lower tear meniscus height},

author = {Christopher Höffel and Daniela Oehring and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Höffel-BCLA-2013-Experimental-study-to-assess-the-influence-of-air-draught-on-the-lower-meniscus-height.pdf

http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367-0484(13)00197-5/abstract},

doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.08.083},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

urldate = {2013-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2013},

volume = {36},

pages = {e22},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The measurement of the tear meniscus height (TMH) is one of the standard tests to assess the quantity of the tear film. Aim of this study was to determine the influence of wind or air draught to the tear meniscus height. 



Methods: A prospective, randomised study (n=40; 53% female, 47% male; aged (25.2+/-1.8)years) was conducted to measure central, nasal and temporal lower TMH on both eyes by means of a video-topographer (Keratograph5M, Oculus) with infrared illumination (Oculus, TF-Scan V2.2.18) under normal conditions (NC-TMH) and with wind stimulation (W-TMH), performing three consecutive measurements each. Both the nasal and temporal TMH were quantified two millimetres off the vertical pupillary centre, respectively. The air draught was generated by a wind tunnel (Sziols Inc.). The mean wind velocity was (0.8 +/- 0.2)m/s at a distance of three metres between patient and wind tunnel. Patients were exposed to air draught for one minute. 



Results: The average of the central NC-TMH was determined by (0.29+/-0.13)mm, nasal by (0.27+/-0.12)mm and temporal by (0.30+/-0.13)mm. The mean value of the W-TMH was calculated central by (0.36+/-0.17)mm, nasal by (0.35+/-0.18)mm and temporal by (0.40+/-0.20)mm. There are statically significant differences between the NC-TMH and the W-TMH in all measured locations (central p=0.000, nasal p=0.000, temporal p=0.000; Wilcoxon test). The W-TMH is significantly higher than the NC-TMH (95% confidence interval of the mean: central (-0.10 to -0.05)mm, nasal (-0.10 to -0.06)mm and temporal (-0.12 to -0.07)mm). 



Conclusion: The central, nasal and temporal TMHs are significantly higher under wind stimulation as under normal conditions. Based on that, it is obvious that mistakes during the assessment of the TMH may occur if the patient is exposed to air draught before. Hence, to avoid or minimise this influence, it is necessary to ask if the patient was exposed to such conditions before tear film assessment.  



Additional comments: Experimental study to assess the influence of air draught on the lower tear meniscus height. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Wiedemann2013,

title = {Development of the tear film analysis system of a modified topographer (Keratograph5 M, Oculus) for the assessment of the lipid layer},

author = {Doreen Wiedemann and Martina Sinnig and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/D.Wiedemann_Poster_BCLA2013.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136704841300266X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

urldate = {2013-12-01},

booktitle = {BCLA Abstract Book 2013},

volume = {36},

pages = {e46},

publisher = {Elsevier},

organization = {British Contact Lens Association},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: To realise a new technique for the assessment of the tear-film interference pattern using the video-topographer (Keratograph5 M, Oculus) in comparison to standard tests.



Method: The illumination system of the video-topographer has been modified and a high-resolution colour camera was integrated. The typical red ring illumination was replaced and additionally white LEDs were installed on different positions. These new applications were proofed in a study (n = 41, 46% female, 54% male, age 27.2+/- 5.9 years). As reference measurements, slit lamp (SL) and the Keeler Tearscope (KT) were used. In total 369 photographs and 123 videos of the tear-film lipid layer were evaluated by three independent observers. All results were evaluated regarding to their appearance (E), interference colour (I) and quantity (K). For the inter-observer comparison between the video-topographer, the Tearscope and the slit lamp 95% confidence interval for the difference (t-Test) were calculated.



Results: The area of observation using the K5 is 9 mm. This is considerably larger than the area of the slit lamp (0.5 mm) and the Tearscope (4 mm). This enables an evaluation of the total spreading characteristic of the tear film lipid layer. There was no significant difference in the inter-observer variation of the results (95% CI of differences: observer1 (-0.4;0.3), observer2 (-0.4;0.3), observer3 (- 0.3;0.3)). A low correlation between all results was found (KT vs. K5: E r = 0.137 p = 0.408, I r = 0.371 p = 0.021, K r = 0.140 p = 0.430; SL vs. K5: E r = 0.119 p = 0.596, I r = 0.353 p = 0.045, K r = 0.071 p = 0.396).



Conclusions: Inter-observer comparisons with well established procedures show that the developed system can be an alternative for the assessment of the interference patterns. The modified video-topographer enables real-time measurements within a wider spatial range in comparison to Tearscope or slit lamp. Due to this is also possible to evaluate the inter-blink spreading characteristic of the tear film lipid layer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Oehring2013,

title = {Experimental study to assess the influence of diffuse slit lamp illumination on the lower and upper tear meniscus height },

author = { Daniela Oehring and Christoph Hoeffel and Wolfgang Sickenberger },

url = {http://www.aaopt.org/experimental-study-assess-influence-diffuse-slit-lamp-illumination-lower-and-upper-tear-meniscus},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-25},

urldate = {2013-10-25},

number = {135241},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose:

Measurement of tear meniscus height is performed to quantify the tear film. Aim of the study was to determine the influence of diffuse illumination on the lower and upper tear meniscus height (LTMH and UTMH) of both eyes.



Methods:

A prospective, randomized study (n=38; 55% female, 45% male; aged (25.2+/-1.8)years) was conducted to measure LTMH and UTMH on both eyes by means of a video topographer (Keratograph 5M, Oculus) with infrared illumination (Oculus, TF-Scan V2.2.18) under normal conditions (NC-LTMH and NC-UTMH) and with diffuse illumination (I-LTMH and I-UTMH). Both the nasal and temporal TMH were quantified two millimeters off the central measurement. The central point was located at the vertical pupillary center. All locations were consecutively measured at three times. Each tested eye was exposed the diffuse slit lamp light (1300+/-100)lux) for ten sec in ten cm distance. The lighting device of the slit lamp was located at an angle of 25 degrees.



Results:

There are statistically significant differences between both eyes (NC-UTMH: nasal p=0.045; I-LTMH: central p=0.010 and nasal p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). In contrast there are no statistically significant differences between both eyes at the following locations (NC-LTMH: central p=0.728, nasal p=0.898, temporal p=0.438; NC-UTMH: central p=0.124, temporal p=0.635; I-LTMH: temporal p=0.392; I-UTMH: central p=0.451, nasal p=0.380, temporal p=0.922, Wilcoxon test). The nasal NC-UTMH-OS is higher than nasal NC-UTMH-OD (95% confidence interval of the mean (95%CI): (-0.04 to 0.00)mm). Both the central I-LTMH-OD and nasal I-LTMH-OD are higher than central I-LTMH-OS and nasal I-LTMH-OS (95%CI: central (0.01 to 0.06)mm and nasal (0.02 to 0.07)mm).



Conclusions:

The nasal NC-UTMH as well as the central and nasal I-LTMH are significantly different in both eyes. This indicates that the assessment of the tear film should be performed on both eyes because physiological differences of the TMH may exist. In addition, the determination of the temporal tear meniscus height prevents inaccuracies. It is expected that especially the anatomy of the lower eye lid influences the TMH.



Additional comments:

This study was performed as Bachelor of Science thesis at the Ernst-Abbe University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Marx2013,

title = {Assessment of the wettability of different silicone hydrogel contact lenses using a novel in vitro method},

author = {Sebastian Marx and Martina Sinnig and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Marx-Sinnig-WS-Assessment-of-the-wettability-of-different-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses-using-a-novel-in-vitro-method.pdf



http://www.aaopt.org/assessment-wettability-different-silicone-hydrogel-contact-lenses-using-novel-vitro-method},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-23},

urldate = {2013-10-23},

number = {130287},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine differences between the surface wettability of various lens/solution combinations in terms of the drying-up time measured in vitro using a modified corneal topographer (Non-Invasive Keratograph – Drying-Up Time (NIK-DUT)).



Methods: Five market-leading silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses were tested out of the blister solution or after a washing procedure and subsequent soak in renu fresh® MPS, OPTI-FREE® PureMoist® MPDS (OFPM) or Bausch and Lomb Sensitive Eyes saline (control). The NIK-DUT was measured ten times for every combination by evaluating the reflected placido-ring image objectively. The focus was on the measurement of the NIK-DUT value derived when 25% of the entire measurement segments showed dry-up during the measuring time (NIK-DUT_S25). Based on an asymptotic, normally distributed mean value an analysis of variance (ANOVA, alpha=0.05) and subsequently a 2-tailed t-test was conducted to determine inter-group comparisons.



Results: The average NIK-DUT_S25 value among the 5 test lenses (Balafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B with Aqua Technology, Lotrafilcon A, Comfilcon A and Senolfilcon A) in combination with saline solution was 124.8±3.5s. The same lenses showed average increases of 8.7% out of the blister solution (135.6±11.6s), 7.0% with renu fresh (133.6±23.6s), and 22.9% with OFPM (153.4±23.3s). With saline as reference the results of the t-test are p=0,05 to OFPM; 0,11 to blister solution and 0,45 to renu fresh.



Conclusion: There are relevant differences between lens packaging and care solution regarding the wettability of the SiHy lenses. Increasing lens wettability through use of a lens care solution with a wetting agent designed to interact with silicone material may have a positive impact on the patient’s lens wearing experience.



Additional comments: The study was financially supported by Alcon Research Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@conference{Schubert2013,

title = {Prospective study on success rates of fitting simultaneous multifocal contact lenses in relation to physiological circumstances},

author = {Sebastian Schubert and Mario Rehnert and Wolfgang Sickenberger},

url = {https://www.jenvis-research.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AAO-2013-SS-Prospective-study-on-success-rates-of-fitting-simultanous-multifocal-contact-lenses-in-relation-to-physiological-circumstances.pdf

http://www.aaopt.org/prospective-study-success-rates-fitting-simultaneous-multifocal-contact-lenses-relation},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-10-23},

urldate = {2013-10-23},

number = {135124},

organization = {American Academy of Optometry},

abstract = {Abstract



Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to prove a significant influence of the parameters amplitude of pupillary light reflex, decentration of contact lenses and anterior chamber depth on the success of fitting simultaneous multifocal contact lenses with “near-in-centre” design.



Methods: All variables were measured at n=20 successful users (54.9 ± 6.3 years). The anterior chamber depth were determined by a Scheimpflug-camera and the amplitude of pupillary light reflex on fotopic and scotopic conditions were gauged by an integrated pupillograph. The decentration of contact lenses were assessed on slit lamp pictures by using a virtual measuring device. Additionally, the subjects had to evaluate the visual performance for both far and near vision, and in general.



Results: The contact lens decentration was OD -0.14 ± 0.23mm, OS +0.03 ± 0.19mm in horizontal direction and -0.09 ± 0.27mm in vertical orientation on both eyes. Comparing to related studies the contact lens decentration is significantly different (p<0,001). Furthermore, an anterior chamber depth of 2.67 ± 0,35mm and an amplitude of pupillary light reflex of 1.96 ± 0.49mm were measured. The evaluation of the visual performance showed a significant correlation of anterior chamber depth for far vision (r= -0,47 ; p= 0,037)



Conclusion: The amplitude of pupillary light reflex and anterior chamber depth may have a highly potential influence on a successful fitting of multifocal contact lenses. Moreover, the amplitude of pupillary light reflex up to 1.5mm can be beneficial.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}